Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34312509›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2021

Reduction of choroidal neovascularization via cleavable VEGF antibodies conjugated to exosomes derived from regulatory T cells.

Ying Tian, Fan Zhang, Yefeng Qiu, Shuang Wang, Feng Li, Jiawei Zhao, Chao Pan, Yong Tao, Di Yu, Wei Wei

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. PEBP1 Regulates Ferroptosis in Acute Glaucoma: Targeted Therapy Using Engineered Exosomes.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
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  14. Antibody-Empowered Nanomedicine for Precise Biomedical Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Exosomes in ocular graft-versus-host disease: an overview.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ying Tian *Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
Fan Zhang *State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Yefeng QiuAnimal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Shuang WangState Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Feng LiState Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Jiawei ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
Chao PanState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China.
Yong TaoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China. drtaoyong@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-2667
Di YuThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. di.yu@uq.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-8922
Wei WeiState Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China. weiwei@ipe.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-3187

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Choroidal neovascularization induced by age-related macular degeneration and retinal neovascularization induced by diabetic retinopathy-two leading causes of blindness-are often treated using antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we report a strong association between inflammation and high VEGF expression in aqueous humour samples from patients with choroidal or retinal neovascularization, and show that intravitreally injected exosomes derived from regulatory T cells and conjugated with an anti-VEGF antibody via a peptide linker that is cleavable by matrix metalloproteinases markedly suppressed ocular neovascularization in mouse and non-human primate models of choroidal neovascularization. The engineered exosomes, which selectively accumulate in the neovascularization lesions, could be adapted for other combination therapies of therapeutic antibodies and anti-inflammatory cargo.

Indexed as

Choroidal NeovascularizationExosomesAnimalsHumansMiceT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth FactorsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.