Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34312382›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Diversification of mandarin citrus by hybrid speciation and apomixis.

Guohong Albert Wu, Chikatoshi Sugimoto, Hideyasu Kinjo, Chika Azama, Fumimasa Mitsube, Manuel Talon, Frederick G Gmitter, Daniel S Rokhsar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. AlleleMiner: a long-read pipeline for gene-wise de novo allele phasing and variant detection in diploid citrus cultivars.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2026
    Article
  4. Genome-wide dissection ofHorticulture research · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Citrus genomes: past, present and future.Horticulture research · 2025
    Article
  13. Genomic origin ofHorticulture research · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Guohong Albert Wu *DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. gwu@lbl.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0391-4177
Chikatoshi Sugimoto *Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.
Hideyasu KinjoOkinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Nago Branch, Nago, Okinawa, Japan.
Chika AzamaOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-5189
Fumimasa MitsubeOkinawa Prefectural Agricultural Research Center, Nago Branch, Nago, Okinawa, Japan.
Manuel TalonCentro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain.
Frederick G GmitterCitrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA. fgmitter@ufl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7499-0022
Daniel S RokhsarDOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. dsrokhsar@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-2224

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The origin and dispersal of cultivated and wild mandarin and related citrus are poorly understood. Here, comparative genome analysis of 69 new east Asian genomes and other mainland Asian citrus reveals a previously unrecognized wild sexual species native to the Ryukyu Islands: C. ryukyuensis sp. nov. The taxonomic complexity of east Asian mandarins then collapses to a satisfying simplicity, accounting for tachibana, shiikuwasha, and other traditional Ryukyuan mandarin types as homoploid hybrid species formed by combining C. ryukyuensis with various mainland mandarins. These hybrid species reproduce clonally by apomictic seed, a trait shared with oranges, grapefruits, lemons and many cultivated mandarins. We trace the origin of apomixis alleles in citrus to mangshanyeju wild mandarins, which played a central role in citrus domestication via adaptive wild introgression. Our results provide a coherent biogeographic framework for understanding the diversity and domestication of mandarin-type citrus through speciation, admixture, and rapid diffusion of apomictic reproduction.

Indexed as

AllelesApomixisAsia, EasternCitrusFruitGene FrequencyGenetics, PopulationGenome, PlantGenotypeGeographyHaplotypesHybridization, GeneticPhylogenySpecies Specificity

Identifiers

PMID34312382
PMCPMC8313541

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.