Trial reportBMJ open diabetes research & care2021
Acute effects of the food preservative propionic acid on glucose metabolism in humans.
Trial report in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05560971 (The Effect of Palmitoleic Acid), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Palmitoleic Acid (POA) Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipogenesis in Overweight and Obese Individuals
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of SCFAs on glycemic control in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Natural Antimicrobials from Plants Used as Food Preservatives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut-Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of dietary crude protein and non-starch polysaccharidase on nursery pig performance, nitrogen retention, hindgut fermentation and health.Translational animal science · 2026Article
- The Metabolic Mind: Revisiting Glucose Metabolism and Justice Involvement in Neurolaw.NeuroSci · 2025Article
- Ameliorative and protective effects of coenzyme Q10 against natural and chemical toxicity: a narrative review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Industrial Bread Composition: Potential Implications for Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Impacts of non-nutritive sweeteners on the human microbiome.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Review
- Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Oral supplementation with propionate is reflected in the serum of healthy individuals.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Glucagon promotes increased hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and pyruvate carboxylase flux in humans with fatty liver disease.Cell metabolism · 2024Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Targeted metabolomics reveals plasma short-chain fatty acids are associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Apoptotic and proliferative processes in the small intestine of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus after metformin and propionic acid treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Effects ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antimicrobial Compounds in Food Packaging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Q-Flux: A method to assess hepatic mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, and glutaminase fluxes in vivo.Cell metabolism · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial nanomotion measured by optical microscopy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPropionic acid (PA) is a common food preservative generally recognized as safe by the US Food and Drug Administration; however, exogenous PA has effects on glucose metabolism that are not fully understood. Our preclinical studies demonstrated exogenous PA increases glucagon, norepinephrine, and endogenous glucose production (EGP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 28 healthy men and women to determine the effect of PA (1500 mg calcium propionate) on these factors. Subjects had two study visits, each preceded by a 1 week, PA-free diet. During each visit, glucose, insulin, glucagon, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and EGP were assessed for 2 hours after oral administration of PA/placebo under resting conditions (protocol 1) and during either a euglycemic (~85-90 mg/dL) or hypoglycemic (~65-70 mg/dL) hyperinsulinemic clamp (protocol 2).
resultsPA, as compared with placebo, significantly increased: (1) glucagon and norepinephrine during protocol 1; (2) glucagon, norepinephrine, and epinephrine under euglycemic conditions in protocol 2; and (3) norepinephrine, epinephrine, and EGP under hypoglycemic conditions in protocol 2.
conclusionOral consumption of PA leads to inappropriate activation of the insulin counterregulatory hormonal network. This inappropriate stimulation highlights PA as a potential metabolic disruptor.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.