Trial reportBMJ global health2021
Does exposure to health information through mobile phones increase immunisation knowledge, completeness and timeliness in rural India?
Trial report in BMJ global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03576157 (Impact Evaluation of Maternal Health Information Messaging in India), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact Evaluation of Maternal Health Information Messaging in India
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- A mobile messaging service for families on postnatal knowledge and practices: a cluster randomized trial, India.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Trial
- Can a visual self-learning tool improve immunisation awareness? Evidence from a quasi-experimental pilot study in Madhya Pradesh, India.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Preliminary Effectiveness of a Postnatal mHealth and Virtual Social Support Intervention on Newborn and Infant Health and Feeding Practices in Punjab, India: Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Pilot Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Developing a Gender Framework for Responsive and Adaptive Design in Digital Health (FORWARD) from a review of reviews.BMC digital health · 2025Article
- Leveraging health financing, digital health and self-care approaches to strengthen maternal health journeys in India: perspectives from Assam.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage.World journal of methodology · 2024Article
- Technologies for strengthening immunization coverage in India: a systematic review.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Mobile health (mHealth) interventions for health promotion during the perinatal period in India: a scoping review.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- So Many Choices, How Do I Choose? Considerations for Selecting Digital Health Interventions to Support Immunization Confidence and Demand.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a direct to beneficiary mobile communication programme in improving reproductive and child health outcomes in India.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Article
- Optimising the reach of mobile health messaging programmes: an analysis of system generated data for the Kilkari programme across 13 states in India.BMJ global health · 2022Review
- "Must you make an app?" A qualitative exploration of socio-technical challenges and opportunities for designing digital maternal and child health solutions in Soweto, South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Harnessing artificial intelligence and digital technology for enhancing routine immunization among zero-dose children.Digital healthReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImmunisation plays a vital role in reducing child mortality and morbidity against preventable diseases. As part of a randomised controlled trial in rural Madhya Pradesh, India to assess the impact of Kilkari, a maternal messaging programme, we explored determinants of parental immunisation knowledge and immunisation practice (completeness and timeliness) for children 0-12 months of age from four districts in Madhya Pradesh.
methodsData were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of women (n=4423) with access to a mobile phone and their spouses (n=3781). Parental knowledge about immunisation and their child's receipt of vaccines, including timeliness and completeness, was assessed using self-reports and vaccination cards. Ordered logistic regressions were used to analyse the factors associated with parental immunisation knowledge. A Heckman two-stage probit model was used to analyse completeness and timeliness of immunisation after correcting for selection bias from being able to produce the immunisation card.
resultsOne-third (33%) of women and men knew the timing for the start of vaccinations, diseases linked to immunisations and the benefits of Vitamin-A. Less than half of children had received the basic package of 8 vaccines (47%) and the comprehensive package of 19 vaccines (44%). Wealth was the most significant determinant of men's knowledge and of the child receiving complete and timely immunisation for both basic and comprehensive packages. Exposure to Kilkari content on immunisation was significantly associated with an increase in men's knowledge (but not women's) about child immunisation (OR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to1.48) and an increase in the timeliness of the child receiving vaccination at birth (Probit coefficient: 0.08, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.24).
conclusionGaps in complete and timely immunisation for infants persist in rural India. Mobile messaging programmes, supported by mass media messages, may provide one important source for bolstering awareness, uptake and timeliness of immunisation services. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03576157.
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