Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34311992›Full record

ReviewTrends in pharmacological sciences2021

Targeting natural killer cells to enhance vaccine responses.

Andrew Cox, Hilal Cevik, H Alex Feldman, Laura M Canaday, Nora Lakes, Stephen N Waggoner

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in pharmacological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Unconventional functions of natural killer cells in homeostasis and disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026
    Review
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  10. Food science & nutrition · 2025
    Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrew CoxCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address: Andrew.Cox@cchmc.org.
Hilal CevikCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
H Alex FeldmanCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Laura M CanadayCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Nora LakesImmunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Stephen N WaggonerCenter for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address: Stephen.Waggoner@cchmc.org.

Funding

Pediatric Scientist Development Program (PSDP) [K12]K12HD000850 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Sallie R. Permar · 1987 to 2026
$44.1M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM063483 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI KHURANA HERSHEY, GURJIT K. · 2002 to 2022
$6.7M
A revolutionary vaccine approach to prevent HIV infection in substance abuseDP1DA038017 · NIDA · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI WAGGONER, STEPHEN N. · 2014 to 2018
$3.9M
Targeting natural killer cells to enhance HIV vaccine responsesR01AI148080 · NIAID · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI WAGGONER, STEPHEN N. · 2019 to 2023
$3.3M
Transcription Factor Genetics in LupusR01AR073228 · NIAMS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI KOTTYAN, LEAH CLAIRE, WAGGONER, STEPHEN N. · 2019 to 2023
$2.2M
Vaccinology Training ProgramT32AI165396 · NIAID · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Robert Wilson Frenck, PAUL W. SPEARMAN · 2022 to 2026
$1.4M
Genetics of organ-specific lupus disease sequelaeR21AI145304 · NIAID · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI WAGGONER, STEPHEN N. · 2020 to 2021
$412k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI148080NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI145304NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI165396NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR073228NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD000850NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA038017NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM063483
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccination serves as a cornerstone of global health. Successful prevention of infection or disease by vaccines is achieved through elicitation of pathogen-specific antibodies and long-lived memory T cells. However, several microbial threats to human health have proven refractory to past vaccine efforts. These shortcomings have been attributed to either inefficient triggering of memory T and B cell responses or to the unfulfilled need to stimulate non-conventional forms of immunological memory. Natural killer (NK) cells have recently emerged as both key regulators of vaccine-elicited T and B cell responses and as memory cells that contribute to pathogen control. We discuss potential methods to modulate these functions of NK cells to enhance vaccine success.

Indexed as

VaccinesHumansImmunologic MemoryKiller Cells, NaturalT-LymphocytesVaccinationVaccinesadjuvantscytotoxicityimmunizationimmunoregulationinnate lymphoid cellsT(FH)

Identifiers

PMID34311992
PMCPMC8364504

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.