SynthesisJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2022
Interrater reliability of sleep stage scoring: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06174558 (Is My Sleep Tracker Tracking my Sleep? Validation of Two Wearable Fitness Sleep Trackers on Sleep Staging and Nocturnal Hypoxemia in Sleep Medicine Patients Referred for Diagnostic Polysomnogram), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Is My Sleep Tracker Tracking my Sleep? Validation of Two Wearable Fitness Sleep Trackers on Sleep Staging and Nocturnal Hypoxemia in Sleep Medicine Patients Referred for Diagnostic Polysomnogram
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- Automated Sleep Staging in Epilepsy Using Deep Learning on Standard Electroencephalogram and Wearable Data.Journal of sleep research · 2025Trial
- Performance Investigation of Somfit Sleep Staging Algorithm.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Trial
- Implications of Wearable Sleep Health Technology for Cardiovascular Health Assessment and Interventions: A Narrative Review.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Multichannel Polysomnographic Sensor Fusion for Automatic Sleep Stage Classification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fully-automated sleep staging for Parkinson's disease and isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- The Potential of Ensemble-Based Automated Sleep Staging on Single-Channel EEG Signal From a Wearable Device.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Consumer Smartwatch Technology in Health and Performance Research: Validity, Limitations, and Real-World Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- ActiTect: a generalizable machine learning pipeline for REM sleep behavior disorder screening through standardized actigraphy.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- From sleep staging to spindle detection: a case study on end-to-end automated sleep analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of an automated sleep apnea scoring algorithm via the Wesper Lab home sleep apnea test.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Analysis of Interrater Reliability and Interpretive Discrepancies in Polysomnography Scoring Across Clinical Subgroups.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Contactless Sleep Monitoring Device for Sleep Stage Detection at Home in a Healthy Population: Prospective Study in Free-Living Conditions.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Sleep Staging From Oximetry and Photoplethysmography-SleepAI.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Automated sleep stage and event detection algorithms using quality-controlled polysomnography annotations.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Neural network architectures and normalization techniques for automated sleep stage classification using rodent EEG and EMG signals.PloS one · 2026Article
- Beyond Algorithms: The Case for Standardized Reporting in AI Sleep Scoring.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Contactless Sleep Staging With Radar: A Transfer Learning Approach.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Evaluating sleep quality in a non-intrusive manner using contactless ballistocardiography and audio signals through a LSTM-TCN machine learning model.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesWe evaluated the interrater reliabilities of manual polysomnography sleep stage scoring. We included all studies that employed Rechtschaffen and Kales rules or American Academy of Sleep Medicine standards. We sought the overall degree of agreement and those for each stage.
methodsThe keywords were "Polysomnography (PSG)," "sleep staging," "Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K)," "American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)," "interrater (interscorer) reliability," and "Cohen's kappa." We searched PubMed, OVID Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, KoreaMed, KISS, and the MedRIC. The exclusion criteria included automatic scoring and pediatric patients. We collected data on scorer histories, scoring rules, numbers of epochs scored, and the underlying diseases of the patients.
resultsA total of 101 publications were retrieved; 11 satisfied the selection criteria. The Cohen's kappa for manual, overall sleep scoring was 0.76, indicating substantial agreement (95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.81;
conclusionsWe conducted a meta-analysis to generalize the variation in manual scoring of polysomnography and provide reference data for automatic sleep stage scoring systems. The reliability of manual scorers of polysomnography sleep stages was substantial. However, for certain stages, the results were poor; validity requires improvement. CITATION: Lee YJ, Lee JY, Cho JH, Choi JH. Interrater reliability of sleep stage scoring: a meta-analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.