Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34310217›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2021

Rethinking Remdesivir: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Lipid Prodrugs.

Robert T Schooley, Aaron F Carlin, James R Beadle, Nadejda Valiaeva, Xing-Quan Zhang, Alex E Clark, Rachel E McMillan, Sandra L Leibel, Rachael N McVicar, Jialei Xie and 4 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Oral lipid prodrug V2043 (1-Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Robert T Schooley *Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Aaron F Carlin *Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
James R BeadleDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Nadejda ValiaevaDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Xing-Quan ZhangDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Alex E ClarkDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Rachel E McMillanDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Sandra L LeibelDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Rachael N McVicarSanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicinegrid.468218.1, La Jolla, California, USA.
Jialei XieDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Aaron F GarretsonDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Victoria I SmithDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Joyce MurphyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.
Karl Y HostetlerDivision of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1155-2885
University of California San Diego · USSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute · US

Funding

Development of Sustained-Release Anti-HIV Nucleoside Phosphonate NanoparticlesR01AI131424 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SCHOOLEY, ROBERT TURNER · 2017 to 2021
$3.8M
Revising Anti-coronavirus Compounds to Enhance Activity and Optimize DeliveryR01AI161348 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Karl Y Hostetler, Robert Turner Schooley · 2021 to 2026
$3.1M
UC San Diego Genetics Training ProgramT32GM145427 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BRUCE A HAMILTON · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Deconvolution of pro- and anti-viral responses to Dengue virus and Zika Virus infectionsK08AI130381 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CARLIN, AARON F. · 2019 to 2023
$1.0M
NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI130381NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI131424NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI161348NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM145427
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Remdesivir (RDV; GS-5734) is currently the only FDA-approved antiviral drug for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The drug is approved for use in adults or children 12 years or older who are hospitalized for the treatment of COVID-19 on the basis of an acceleration of clinical recovery for inpatients with this disease. Unfortunately, the drug must be administered intravenously, restricting its use to those requiring hospitalization for relatively advanced disease. RDV is also unstable in plasma and has a complex activation pathway which may contribute to its highly variable antiviral efficacy in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Potent orally bioavailable antiviral drugs for early treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed, and several, including molnupiravir and PF-07321332, are currently in clinical development. We focused on making simple, orally bioavailable lipid analogs of remdesivir nucleoside (RVn; GS-441524) that are processed to RVn monophosphate, the precursor of the active RVn triphosphate, by a single-step intracellular cleavage. In addition to high oral bioavailability, stability in plasma, and simpler metabolic activation, new oral lipid prodrugs of RVn had submicromolar anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in a variety of cell types, including Vero E6, Calu-3, Caco-2, human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived lung cells, and Huh7.5 cells. In Syrian hamsters, oral treatment with 1-

Indexed as

COVID-19 Drug TreatmentProdrugsAdenosineAdenosine MonophosphateAlanineAnimalsAntiviral AgentsCaco-2 CellsCricetinaeHumansLipidsSARS-CoV-2AdenosineAdenosine MonophosphateAlanineAntiviral AgentsGS-441524LipidsProdrugsremdesivirantiviral agentsCaco-2 cellsCalu-3 cellsHuh7.5 cellslipid prodrugsPSC-derived human lung cellsremdesivirremdesivir nucleosideSARS-CoV-2Vero E6 cells

Identifiers

PMID34310217
PMCPMC8448143
OpenAlexW3185826156

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.