ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2021
Distinct progression patterns across Parkinson disease clinical subtypes.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07024875 (Precision Neuroimaging of Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Precision Neuroimaging of Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longevity Factor Klotho and Resistance to Cognitive Deficits in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease and in an α-Synuclein Mouse Model.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Research advances on Cordyceps sinensis and its components in relation to omics biomarkers for the neurological disorders.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2026Review
- Longitudinal brain morphometry in Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes: Distinct signatures forecast behavioral change within subtypes.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Article
- Differential gait features across Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2025Article
- Replication and reliability of Parkinson's disease clinical subtypes.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
- Two distinct trajectories of clinical and neurodegeneration events in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Paroxysmal Slow-Wave Events Are Uncommon in Parkinson's Disease.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease subtypes - Review of the literature.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine specific symptom progression patterns and possible disease staging in Parkinson disease clinical subtypes.
methodsWe recently identified Parkinson disease clinical subtypes based on comprehensive behavioral evaluations, "Motor Only," "Psychiatric & Motor," and "Cognitive & Motor," which differed in dementia and mortality rates. Parkinson disease participants ("Motor Only": n = 61, "Psychiatric & Motor": n = 17, "Cognitive & Motor": n = 70) and controls (n = 55) completed longitudinal, comprehensive motor, cognitive, and psychiatric evaluations (average follow-up = 4.6 years). Hierarchical linear modeling examined group differences in symptom progression. A three-way interaction among time, group, and symptom duration (or baseline age, separately) was incorporated to examine disease stages.
resultsAll three subtypes increased in motor dysfunction compared to controls. The "Motor Only" subtype did not show significant cognitive or psychiatric changes compared to the other two subtypes. The "Cognitive & Motor" subtype's cognitive dysfunction at baseline further declined compared to the other two subtypes, while also increasing in psychiatric symptoms. The "Psychiatric & Motor" subtype's elevated psychiatric symptoms at baseline remained steady or improved over time, with mild, steady decline in cognition. The pattern of behavioral changes and analyses for disease staging yielded no evidence for sequential disease stages.
interpretationParkinson disease clinical subtypes progress in clear, temporally distinct patterns from one another, particularly in cognitive and psychiatric features. This highlights the importance of comprehensive clinical examinations as the order of symptom presentation impacts clinical prognosis.
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