SynthesisHuman psychopharmacology2022
A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans.
Synthesis in Human psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Decoding kratom: molecular mechanisms and epigenetic factors in use and dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans.Human psychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Integrated LC-MS/MS profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and enzyme inhibition assays reveal the antidiabetic potential ofToxicology reports · 2026Article
- A Review of Kratom Product Evolution and Its Associated Health Outcomes.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Kratom leaf extracts exert hypolipidaemic effects via the modulation of PCSK9 and LDLR pathways in HepG2 cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Kratom Alkaloids, Cannabinoids, and Chronic Pain: Basis of Potential Utility and Role in Therapy.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2025Article
- Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Article
- An evaluation of adverse drug reactions and outcomes attributed to kratom in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System from January 2004 through September 2021.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Drug testing for mitragynine and kratom: Analytical challenges and medico-legal considerations.Drug testing and analysis · 2023Article
- Kratom use disorder and unfolded protein response: Evaluating their relationship in a case control study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Clinical Implications of Kratom (Current addiction reports · 2023Review
- Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Properties ofNutrients · 2022Article
- [Kratom - a short review for pain medicine].Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionKratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a tropical plant traditionally used as an ethnomedicinal remedy for several conditions in South East Asia. Despite the increased interest in its therapeutical benefits in Western countries, little scientific evidence is available to support such claims, and existing data remain limited to kratom's chronic consumption.
objectiveOur study aims to investigate (pre)clinical evidence on the efficacy of kratom as a therapeutic aid and its safety profile in humans.
methodsA systematic literature search using PubMed and the Medline database was conducted between April and November 2020.
resultsBoth preclinical (N = 57) and clinical (N = 18) studies emerged from our search. Preclinical data indicated a therapeutic value in terms of acute/chronic pain (N = 23), morphine/ethanol withdrawal, and dependence (N = 14), among other medical conditions (N = 26). Clinical data included interventional studies (N = 2) reporting reduced pain sensitivity, and observational studies (N = 9) describing the association between kratom's chronic (daily/frequent) use and safety issues, in terms of health consequences (e.g., learning impairment, high cholesterol level, dependence/withdrawal).
conclusionsAlthough the initial (pre)clinical evidence on kratom's therapeutic potential and its safety profile in humans is encouraging, further validation in large, controlled clinical trials is required.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.