ArticleThe East African health research journal2020
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Stunting among Public Primary School Pupils in Kasulu District, Western Tanzania.
Article in The East African health research journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundUnderfeeding of a child in the first 2 years of life results in irreversible growth damage. Globally, stunting has declined from 39.7% in 1990 to 26.7% in 2010 while in Africa has remained at 40% since 1990. However, stunting is little known in primary pupils.This study estimated the prevalence of stunting and contributing factors among public primary school pupils in Kasulu District.
methodCross-sectional study was conducted among public primary pupils. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants and then stratified to 5-7 and 8-12 years. Socio-economic factors, dietary practices, water, sanitation, and hygiene behaviours; school performance/attendance data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Measurements were standardised to the World Health Organization HAZ-Scores for both girls and boys. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression were used to generate results.
resultsA total of 400 pupils (100%RR) were recruited into the study, mean age of 7.51 (STD= 1.54) years and a half (50.3%) were boys. The prevalence of stunting was 127 (31.8%) (95% CI: 27.2%-36.6%), with no sex difference (63 (31.7%) - girls vs. 64 (31.8%) - boys; p = 0.969). Household wealth influenced stunting; lowest quintile (AOR= 28; 95% CI: 3.64 - 214.6; p<0.001) 2nd quintile (AOR = 17; 95%CI: 2.20 - 138.5; p<0.01), the 3rd quintile (AOR = 8.0; 95%CI: 0.99 - 64.67; p = 0.051) and 4th quintile (AOR = 4.2; 95%CI: 0.49 - 36.75; p = 0.191) when compared to 5th (highest) wealthquintile. Food insecurity (AOR = 10.6; 95%CI: 4.60 - 24.60; p< 0.001), less protein in meal were the risk for stunting (AOR = 14.6; 95%CI: 4.07 - 52.42; p<0.001). Inappropriate hand wash after toilets both at school, (AOR=3.5; 95%CI:1.62-7.58; p=0.001), and home (AOR = 13.0; 95%CI: 2.73 - 61.76; p = 0.001) were the risk for stunting. Stunted pupils had irregular school attendance (AOR = 9.4;95%CI: 4.42 - 19.93; p<0.001) and poor performance (AOR = 23.6; 95%CI: 10.24 -54.19; p<0.001). Food insecurity influenced poor performance (AOR = 3.9; 95%CI:1.67-8.92; p<0.01) and irregular school attendance (AOR=5.4, p=0.000).
conclusionStunting among public primary school pupils is very high despite the prevention effort. Low wealth, food insecurity, poor hand hygiene, and lack of protein in a meal significantly influence stunting. Also, it affects the pupils' academic performance and attendance, availability of food in both quantity and quality, community nutrition.
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