ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2021
Anxiety and depression in inflammatory eye disease: exploring the potential impact of topical treatment frequency as a putative psychometric item.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shared genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders and ocular diseases: Evidence from genome-wide analyses.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- The Prevalence of Mental Health Conditions in Adults and Children With Childhood-Onset Inflammatory Ocular Disease: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- When eye disease affects the mind: Psychological burden and functioning in autoimmune ophthalmology.World journal of clinical cases · 2026Article
- An Investigation of the Psychosocial Outcomes of Dry Eye Disease Treatment in Children with Computer Vision Syndrome.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Achieving net-zero in the dry eye disease care pathway.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Swept-source optical coherence tomography in ocular surface diseases: anterior segment analysis repeatability and its limits.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Barriers to Adherence with Corticosteroid Eye Drops in Patients with Uveitis.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
- The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and disorders among ophthalmic disease patients.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate whether topical therapy is linked to scores related to anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory eye disease (IED). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients with ocular surface disease (OSD, N=100) and Uveitis (N=100) completed self-administered validated questions on ocular symptoms and well-being, with supplemental questions on eye drop frequency.
resultsForty (20%) patients had scores consistent with depression and 33 (17%) anxiety. Anxiety, depression, QoL and OSD index (OSDI) scores did not differ significantly between OSD and Uveitis groups. In those with anxiety or depression, QoL was significantly reduced in all WHO Quality Of Life-BREF domains (all p<0.001). Multivariable analysis considering demographic and disease-related factors found daily topical drop frequency to be independently associated with anxiety (p=0.009) but not depression (p=0.300).
conclusionA high proportion of patients with IED demonstrated scores indicative of anxiety and depression. Preliminary evidence suggests that the frequency of topical eye drops potentially plays a significant role in the psychological health status of patients with IED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.