ArticleSustainable cities and society2021
The impacts of the built environment on the incidence rate of COVID-19: A case study of King County, Washington.
Article in Sustainable cities and society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the built environment and human factors on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic literature review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Pooled it
- Methods Used in the Spatial and Spatiotemporal Analysis of COVID-19 Epidemiology: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Spatial and neighborhood data in the collaborative cohort of cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R).PloS one · 2026Observational
- Does land cover affect the growth rate of COVID-19? Rethinking sustainable habitat from the One Health perspective using data from 12 cities during lockdown in Hubei Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Pathogenic built environment? Reflections on modeling spatial determinants of health in urban settings considering the example of COVID-19 studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Perceived built environment as a mediator linking objective built environment and leisure-time physical activity in Chinese cities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Bayesian spatio-temporal model of COVID-19 spread in England.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics and medical response during the initial COVID-19 epidemic in six Chinese cities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Infection risk factor measurement based on spatial and temporal distribution of COVID-19 nucleic acid test sites: an example from Shenzhen.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- COVID-19, Cities and Inequality.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2023Article
- Tokyo's COVID-19: An urban perspective on factors influencing infection rates in a global city.Sustainable cities and society · 2023Article
- Exploring the spatial pattern of community urban green spaces and COVID-19 risk in Wuhan based on a random forest model.Heliyon · 2023Article
- The Role of Greenery in Stress Reduction among City Residents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Associations between COVID-19 risk, multiple environmental exposures, and housing conditions: A study using individual-level GPS-based real-time sensing data.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2023Article
- Associations Between Built Environment Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Infections at the Neighbourhood Level in a Metropolitan Area in Germany.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
- Modelling Impact of High-Rise, High-Density Built Environment on COVID-19 Risks: Empirical Results from a Case Study of Two Chinese Cities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Mechanisms influencing the factors of urban built environments and coronavirus disease 2019 at macroscopic and microscopic scales: The role of cities.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Measuring the effects of Compactness/Sprawl on COVID 19 spread patterns at the neighborhood level.Cities (London, England) · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With COVID-19 prevalent worldwide, current studies have focused on the factors influencing the epidemic. In particular, the built environment deserves immediate attention to produce place-specific strategies to prevent the further spread of coronavirus. This research assessed the impact of the built environment on the incidence rate in King County, US and explored methods of researching infectious diseases in urban areas. Using principal component analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient to process the data, we built multiple linear regression and geographically weighted regression models at the ZIP code scale. Results indicated that although socioeconomic indicators were the primary factors influencing COVID-19, the built environment affected COVID-19 cases from different aspects. Built environment density was positively associated with incidence rates. Specifically, increased open space was conducive to reducing incidence rates. Within each community, overcrowded households led to an increase in incidence rates. This study confirmed previous research into the importance of socioeconomic variables and extended the discussion on spatial and temporal variation in the impacts of urban density on the spread of COVID, effectively guiding sustainable urban development.
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