Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34306178›Full record

ArticleLanguage and linguistics compass2021

The neurocognitive basis of skilled reading in prelingually and profoundly deaf adults.

Karen Emmorey, Brittany Lee

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Language and linguistics compass, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Morphological awareness and reading skill for deaf and hearing adults.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Karen EmmoreySchool of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5647-0066
Brittany LeeSchool of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
San Diego State University · US

Funding

Language, Modality and the BrainR01DC010997 · NIDCD · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KAREN EMMOREY · 2010 to 2026
$8.6M
Diversity supplement - Assessing the neural dynamics of reading in deaf adultsR01DC014246 · NIDCD · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI KAREN EMMOREY · 2015 to 2026
$4.5M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC010997NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC014246
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deaf individuals have unique sensory and linguistic experiences that influence how they read and become skilled readers. This review presents our current understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of reading skill in deaf adults. Key behavioural and neuroimaging studies are integrated to build a profile of skilled adult deaf readers and to examine how changes in visual attention and reduced access to auditory input and phonology shape how they read both words and sentences. Crucially, the behaviours, processes, and neural circuity of deaf readers are compared to those of hearing readers with similar reading ability to help identify alternative pathways to reading success. Overall, sensitivity to orthographic and semantic information is comparable for skilled deaf and hearing readers, but deaf readers rely less on phonology and show greater engagement of the right hemisphere in visual word processing. During sentence reading, deaf readers process visual word forms more efficiently and may have a greater reliance on and altered connectivity to semantic information compared to their hearing peers. These findings highlight the plasticity of the reading system and point to alternative pathways to reading success.

Identifiers

PMID34306178
PMCPMC8302003
OpenAlexW3135492047

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.