ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Germinal Centre Shutdown.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The life cycle of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer-a window of opportunity for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in Human and Animal Germinal Center Models In Vitro: New Approaches to Studying Immune Responses.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Mastering Immunity: Antibody Feedback as a Driver of Germinal Center Fate and Vaccine Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Maturation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations.Biomaterials science · 2024Review
- A multiscale spatial modeling framework for the germinal center response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Unmutated but T cell dependent IgM antibodies targeting Streptococcus suis play an essential role in bacterial clearance.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Differential response of IgM and IgG memory B cell populations to CD40L: insights of T cell - memory B cell interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved organized germinal center-like structures.Science immunology · 2023Article
- Continually recruited naïve T cells contribute to the follicular helper and regulatory T cell pools in germinal centers.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Immune landscape of tertiary lymphoid structures in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- 50 years on and still very much alive: 'Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics'.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- Affinity maturation for an optimal balance between long-term immune coverage and short-term resource constraints.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Investigating the Mechanism of Germinal Center Shutdown.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- The Germinal Center Milieu in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Immunological Drummer or Dancer?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Germinal Centres (GCs) are transient structures in secondary lymphoid organs, where affinity maturation of B cells takes place following an infection. While GCs are responsible for protective antibody responses, dysregulated GC reactions are associated with autoimmune disease and B cell lymphoma. Typically, 'normal' GCs persist for a limited period of time and eventually undergo shutdown. In this review, we focus on an important but unanswered question - what causes the natural termination of the GC reaction? In murine experiments, lack of antigen, absence or constitutive T cell help leads to premature termination of the GC reaction. Consequently, our present understanding is limited to the idea that GCs are terminated due to a decrease in antigen access or changes in the nature of T cell help. However, there is no direct evidence on which biological signals are primarily responsible for natural termination of GCs and a mechanistic understanding is clearly lacking. We discuss the present understanding of the GC shutdown, from factors impacting GC dynamics to changes in cellular interactions/dynamics during the GC lifetime. We also address potential missing links and remaining questions in GC biology, to facilitate further studies to promote a better understanding of GC shutdown in infection and immune dysregulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.