Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34305894›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2021

The Spike of SARS-CoV-2: Uniqueness and Applications.

Ranjith Kumavath, Debmalya Barh, Bruno Silva Andrade, Madangchanok Imchen, Flavia Figueira Aburjaile, Athira Ch, Diego Lucas Neres Rodrigues, Sandeep Tiwari, Khalid J Alzahrani, Aristóteles Góes-Neto and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. SARS-CoV-2 E protein: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic development.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023
    Review
  9. A perspective on SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles vaccines.International immunopharmacology · 2023
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Ranjith KumavathDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
Debmalya BarhCentre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
Bruno Silva AndradeLaboratório de Bioinformática e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Brazil.
Madangchanok ImchenDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
Flavia Figueira AburjaileLaboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Athira ChDepartment of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
Diego Lucas Neres RodriguesLaboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Sandeep TiwariLaboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Khalid J AlzahraniDepartment of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Aristóteles Góes-NetoLaboratório de Biologia Molecular e Computacional de Fungos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Marianna E WeenerClinical Research Center, Oftalmic, CRO, Moscow, Russia.
Preetam GhoshDepartment of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Vasco AzevedoLaboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais · BRCentral University of Kerala · INMoscow Clinical Scientific Center · RUSouthwest Bahia State University · BRTaif University · SAVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is critical for its ability to attach and fuse into the host cells, leading to infection, and transmission. In this review, we have initially performed a meta-analysis of keywords associated with the S protein to frame the outline of important research findings and directions related to it. Based on this outline, we have reviewed the structure, uniqueness, and origin of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the interactions of the Spike protein with host and its implications in COVID-19 pathogenesis, as well as drug and vaccine development, are discussed. We have also summarized the recent advances in detection methods using S protein-based RT-PCR, ELISA, point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay, and graphene-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors. Finally, we have also discussed the emerging Spike mutants and the efficacy of the Spike-based vaccines against those strains. Overall, we have covered most of the recent advances on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its possible implications in countering this virus.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentCOVID-19 TestingCOVID-19 VaccinesHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansMutationSARS-CoV-2Species SpecificitySpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2COVID-19diagnosticsdrugsmutationsSARS-CoV-2spike proteinvaccines

Identifiers

PMID34305894
PMCPMC8297464
OpenAlexW3179278274

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.