ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Modulation of Host Immune Response Is an Alternative Strategy to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Balancing Host Defense and Viral Tolerance for the Development of Next-Generation Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Kidney Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Peritoneal Dialysis as the Preferred Modality.Vaccines · 2025Review
- A biomathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- COVID-19 and primary wound healing: A new insights and advance.International wound journal · 2023Review
- Review
- Black-White Risk Differentials in Pediatric COVID-19 Hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit Admissions in the USA.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Stem cell therapy: a novel approach against emerging and re-emerging viral infections with special reference to SARS-CoV-2.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- COVID-DSNet: A novel deep convolutional neural network for detection of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) cases from CT and Chest X-Ray images.Artificial intelligence in medicine · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A double-edged sword throughout rapid evolution of COVID-19.Cell biology international · 2022Review
- Microalgae as an Efficient Vehicle for the Production and Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Glycoproteins against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Reviving the mutual impact of SARS-COV-2 and obesity on patients: From morbidity to mortality.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- COVID-19 inflammation and implications in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Surveillance, Diagnosis, Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development against COVID-19.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2virus that caused the disease COVID-19 is currently a pandemic worldwide. The virus requires an alveolar type-2 pneumocyte in the host to initiate its life cycle. The viral S1 spike protein helps in the attachment of the virus on toACE-2 receptors present on type-2 pneumocytes, and the S2 spike protein helps in the fusion of the viral membrane with the host membrane. Fusion of the SARS-CoV-2virus and host membrane is followed by entry of viral RNA into the host cells which is directly translated into the replicase-transcriptase complex (RTC) following viral RNA and structural protein syntheses. As the virus replicates within type-2 pneumocytes, the host immune system is activated and alveolar macrophages start secreting cytokines and chemokines, acting as an inflammatory mediator, and chemotactic neutrophils, monocytes, natural NK cells, and CD8+ T cells initiate the local phagocytosis of infected cells. It is not the virus that kills COVID-19 patients; instead, the aberrant host immune response kills them. Modifying the response from the host immune system could reduce the high mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study examines the viral life cycle intype-2 pneumocytes and resultant host immune response along with possible therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.