ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Comparisons of Underlying Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy and Safety Between Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy: The State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-PD-(L)1 Antibodies: Insights From QSP-Based Meta-Analysis.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Population pharmacokinetic models of anti-PD-1 mAbs in patients with multiple tumor types: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- PD-L1 deletion or blockade regulate macrophage antigen presentation and checkpoint molecule surface levels.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Screening air pollutants-related genes to construct a prognostic risk model for lung adenocarcinoma and analyzing its immune microenvironment.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Comparative safety of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: a real-world cohort study with competing risk analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Advanced nanotechnology in enhancing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for head and neck cancer therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Curcumin Modulates TIGIT/Neuropilin-1 to Regulate T-Cell Immune Homeostasis in Ulcerative Colitis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma-What More is to Come?Targeted oncology · 2025Review
- Preclinical comparison of prolgolimab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Phase 1a/1b Dose Escalation/Expansion Study of the Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Nofazinlimab in Chinese Patients with Solid Tumors or Lymphoma.Targeted oncology · 2024Article
- Dostarlimab: From preclinical investigation to drug approval and future directions.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Real-World Comparative Effectiveness of Nivolumab versus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Real-world outcomes of regorafenib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced or metastatic microsatellite stable colorectal cancer: A multicenter study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Real-World Analysis of Nivolumab and Atezolizumab Efficacy in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- PD-L1Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin in unresectable or advanced biliary tract cancer patients: A retrospective study.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Key Players in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decade, diverse PD-1/PD-L1 blockades have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in across a wide range of tumor and cancer types. With the increasing number of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades available in the market, differences between the clinical performance of each of them started to be reported. Here, we provide a comprehensive historical and biological perspective regarding the underlying mechanism and clinical performance of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades, with an emphasis on the comparisons of their clinical efficacy and safety. The real-world evidence indicated that PD-1 blockade may be more effective than the PD-L1, though no significant differences were found as regards to their safety profiles. Future head-to-head studies are warranted for direct comparison between them. Finally, we summarize the yet to be elucidated questions and future promise of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, including a need to explore novel biomarkers, novel combinatorial strategies, and their clinical use on chronic infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.