ReviewFrontiers in aging neuroscience2021
The Glymphatic System: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Stroke Treatment.
Review in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and preclinical evidence of meningeal immunity and glymphatic pathways in stroke: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The glymphatic system in sleep: a nexus of waste clearance, brain homeostasis, and disease intervention.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Glymphatic dysfunction: a unifying hypothesis for delirium.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Brain Lymphatic Dysfunction in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The Effect of Cranio-Cervical Artery Stenosis on Glymphatic System Function in Patients with Cerebral Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Central Nervous System Diseases.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Disrupted age-related glymphatic patterns in children with deep gray matter hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space study.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Altered glymphatic function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiotherapy: novel insights from choroid plexus volume and free-water fraction analyses.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- The neurobiological regulatory mechanism of brain edema.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Oxymatrine alleviates symptoms in high-fat diet and STZ-induced SD rats with painful diabetic neuropathy by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- The Effect of Fibulin-5 on Hydrocephalus After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Chronic Glymphatic Dysfunction Modulates Domain-Specific Cognitive Recovery After Stroke: A DTI-ALPS Lesion Stratification Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Meningeal lymphatic drainage: novel insights into central nervous system disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Impaired glymphatic system in patent foramen ovale based on diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Hybrid Electro-optical Stimulation Improves Ischemic Brain Damage by Augmenting the Glymphatic System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The fuzzy MAD stroke conjecture, using Fuzzy C Means to classify multimodal apparent diffusion for ischemic stroke lesion stratification.Magnetic resonance imaging · 2025Article
- Impaired Glymphatic Function in Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Glymphatic system function in patients with ischemic stroke evaluated by the DTI-ALPS method: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Association between glymphatic dysfunction and cryptogenic stroke risk in patients with patent foramen ovale: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of brain metabolic wastes. The complicated network of the GS consists of the periarterial CSF influx pathway, astrocytes-mediated convective transport of fluid and solutes supported by AQP4 water channels, and perivenous efflux pathway. Recent researches indicate that the GS dysfunction is associated with various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, epilepsy, migraine, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Meanwhile, the GS also plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of stroke, including brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this review, we illustrated the key anatomical structures of the GS, the relationship between the GS and the meningeal lymphatic system, the interaction between the GS and the BBB, and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other GS cellular components. In addition, we contributed to the current knowledge about the role of the GS in the pathology of stroke and the role of AQP4 in stroke. We further discussed the potential use of the GS in early risk assessment, diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics of stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.