ReviewFrontiers in neuroanatomy2021
Waste Clearance in the Brain.
Review in Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role Shift of Glial Cells from Physiology to Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: The Regulatory Impact of Exercise.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Mirtazapine Induces Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase Expression in Brain Pericytes.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- PolyGraph - Flexible, Biocompatible & Electrically Optimized Graphene-Polymer Composites for Next-Generation Neural Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Transport pathways across the blood-brain barrier for waste clearance and drug delivery.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- The meningeal lymphatic vessel-peripheral immune axis: a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Engulfment by brain macrophages in a short-lived vertebrate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Associations between ventricular boundary shift integral and composite cognitive domains across the alzheimer's disease continuum.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Polygenic Index for Sleep Duration and Brain Changes over Time.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mapping the Brain's Glymphatic System.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- CSF protein clearance impairment revealed using stable isotope kinetics in normal pressure hydrocephalus.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the association between MREPT-derived conductivity and IVIM-derived ISF-related metrics in the brains of patients with cognitive impairments.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Imaging the therapeutic effects of cerebral endothelial cell derived exosome treatment of a preclinical model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Neurodegeneration.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- The glymphatic system in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors: mechanistic insights, biomarker advances, and therapeutic opportunities.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Review
- Associations between cerebral blood transit time, amyloid-β pathology and cognitive decline in non-demented older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- The integrity of perivascular spaces is absolutely essential for proper function of the glymphatic system waste and excess water removal from the brain.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- The Significance and Mechanism of Cerebral Enlarged Perivascular Space in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluation of glymphatic system function in patients with thalassemia: a study based on DTI-ALPS technology.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Abnormal glymphatic system function in children with autism spectrum disorder: a diffusion kurtosis imaging study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Waste clearance (WC) is an essential process for brain homeostasis, which is required for the proper and healthy functioning of all cerebrovascular and parenchymal brain cells. This review features our current understanding of brain WC, both within and external to the brain parenchyma. We describe the interplay of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), interstitial fluid (ISF), and perivascular spaces within the brain parenchyma for brain WC directly into the blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We also discuss the relevant role of the CSF and its exit routes in mediating WC. Recent discoveries of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels, and their relevance to brain WC are highlighted. Controversies related to brain WC research and potential future directions are presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.