ReviewSaudi journal of biological sciences2021
RAAS, ACE2 and COVID-19; a mechanistic review.
Review in Saudi journal of biological sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Naturally occurring ACE2 stalk variants are differentially released from the cell.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Naturally occurring ACE2 stalk variants are differentially released from the cell.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Vascular Immune Crosstalk in COVID-19: RAAS Biomarker Signature Linking Angiotensin II to Respiratory Compromise and Soluble ACE2 to IL-13 and FGF, Revealing Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- ACE2: Friend or Foe in Post-COVID-19 Neurodegeneration?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Exacerbates Thromboembolic Cerebrovascular Complications in Humanized ACE2 Mouse Model.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Modulation of RAAS receptors and miRNAs in COVID-19: implications for disease severity, immune response, and potential therapeutic targets.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Antihypertensive effect of sinapine extracted from rapeseed meal in 2K1C hypertensive rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular damage and comorbidities related to long COVID: pathomechanisms, prevention, and therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The effect of adrenalectomy on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- A New Biomarker Copeptin in Determining Disease Severity in COVID-19.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- The prognostic significance of insulin resistance in COVID-19: a review.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Herbal-based therapeutics for diabetic patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Inflammaging, immunosenescence, and cardiovascular aging: insights into long COVID implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Intensifies Cerebrovascular Complications in Diabetic hACE2 Mice through RAAS and TLR Signaling Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on the Disease Severity of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Primary Aldosteronism and COVID-19-related Management, Disease Severity, and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Insights on structure, variants, vaccines, and biomedical interventions.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Review
- Copeptin: a neuroendocrine biomarker of COVID-19 severity.Biomarkers in medicine · 2022Article
- The Effects of Different Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with COVID-19 and Hypertension: A Mini-Review.International journal of hypertension · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been claimed as associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection and its subsequent morbidities and mortalities. These claims were resulting from the possibility of upregulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), facilitation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, and increasing the susceptibility of infection in such treated cardiovascular patients. ACE2 and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) products have a critical function in controlling the severity of lung injury, fibrosis, and failure following the initiation of the disease. This review is to clarify the mechanisms beyond the possible deleterious effects of angiotensin II (Ang II), and the potential protective role of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) against pulmonary fibrosis, with a subsequent discussion of the latest updates on ACEIs/ARBs use and COVID-19 susceptibility in the light of these mechanisms and biochemical explanation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.