Combined intravitreal ranibizumab and zone I sparing laser ablation in infants with posterior zone I retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of combined intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and zone I sparing laser ablation in infants with posterior zone I Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). Methods: This was a retrospective, interventional case series including premature infants diagnosed with posterior zone I ROP (n = 24) on ROP screening. Charts and RetCam images of preterm infants with posterior zone I ROP treated with immediate IVR and zone I sparing laser ablation at 4 weeks between April 2016 and September 2019 were reviewed. Data were analyzed and tabulated using frequency and descriptive statistics to describe the demography, morphology, and treatment outcomes. Primary outcome measure was structural outcome at 6 months. It was further categorized as favorable and unfavorable. Results: Twenty-four infants (48 eyes) with a mean gestational age of 28.54 ± 1.98 weeks and birth weight of 1180.33 ± 280.65 grams were analyzed. Thirty-six (75%) eyes had persistent tunica vasculosa lentis and twenty-six (54.1%) eyes had iris neovascularization. All eyes had features of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) limited to posterior zone I. The mean duration between IVR and zone I sparing laser ablation was 29.62 ± 6.36 (range: 24-34) days. One infant (2 eyes) received a second IVR treatment for recurrence of plus disease and persistent new vessels close to the fovea. Laser augmentation was done in 13 (27.1%) eyes. A favorable structural outcome was seen in 45 (93.7%) eyes. Conclusion: Posterior zone I ROP presents as APROP. Combined IVR and zone I sparing laser ablation appears effective treatment option in these eyes.