Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34304121›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021

Patterns of reduced use and abstinence in multi-site randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapies for cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders.

Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili, Ryoko Susukida, Renee M Johnson, Mehdi Farokhnia, Rosa M Crum, Johannes Thrul, Ramin Mojtabai

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Masoumeh Amin-EsmaeiliDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616357, Iran. Electronic address: mamines1@jhmi.edu.
Ryoko SusukidaDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: rsusuki1@jhu.edu.
Renee M JohnsonDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: rjohnson@jhu.edu.
Mehdi FarokhniaDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: mehdi.farokhnia@nih.gov.
Rosa M CrumDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. Electronic address: rcrum@jhsph.edu.
Johannes ThrulDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address: jthrul@jhu.edu.
Ramin MojtabaiDepartment of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St. Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. Electronic address: rmojtab1@jhu.edu.

Funding

Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DA999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMany individuals with cocaine or methamphetamine use disorders who enter treatment do not achieve abstinence but reduce their use of the target drug. We aimed to compare change in pattern of drug use (i.e., achieving "abstinence", "reduced use" or no reduction in use) among participants in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment of cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder, irrespective of the type of treatment.

methodsThe data were drawn from 10 multi-site pharmacotherapy RCTs of cocaine (n = 1,134) and methamphetamine (n = 555) use disorders. The outcome patterns and their sociodemographic and clinical correlates were compared in cocaine and methamphetamine RCTs, using multinomial logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for missing data, clustering within RCTs, socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, and treatment arms.

resultsThose in cocaine RCTs were more likely to experience reduced use compared to participants in methamphetamine RCTs (20.6% vs. 13.2%, respectively), but less likely to experience "abstinence" (7.6% vs. 20.3%; Chi-squared = 14.20, df = 2, P < 0.001). Differences in "abstinence" persisted after adjustment for baseline covariates. Association of sociodemographic and clinical correlates with outcomes differed in cocaine and methamphetamine RCTs.

conclusionA sizeable proportion of individuals in RCTs of pharmacological treatment for stimulant use disorder who do not attain "abstinence" nevertheless reduce their use. The outcome patterns of drug use are different for cocaine and methamphetamine use disorders and reliance on abstinence as the sole outcome may obscure these differences.

Indexed as

Amphetamine-Related DisordersCentral Nervous System StimulantsCocaineCocaine-Related DisordersMethamphetamineSubstance-Related DisordersHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCentral Nervous System StimulantsCocaineMethamphetamineHarm reductionNon-abstinence end-pointSecondary analysisStimulant use disordersTreatment outcome

Identifiers

PMID34304121
PMCPMC12258494

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.