SynthesisPharmacological research2021
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance.
Synthesis in Pharmacological research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 460 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
460 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- LAK to CIK continuum in glioma immunotherapy: a systematic review of efficacy and safety outcomes.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of ketogenic metabolic therapy as an adjuvant to the current standard of care in the treatment of glioblastoma: A systematic review of clinical trials.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Machine Learning-Driven radiomics on 18 F-FDG PET for glioma diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenetic reprogramming and antitumor immune responses in gliomas: a systematic review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Awake Craniotomy for Eloquent Region Glioblastoma Classified by Tumor Location-A Retrospective and Prospective Cohort Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Aptamer-guided delivery of miR-126 suppresses glioblastoma stem-like cell invasion and tumor progression.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Structural optimization of CHI3L1 inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetics and functional activity in 3D glioblastoma models.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Biomimetic membrane-coated metal nanoplatforms for enhanced BBB penetration and targeted glioblastoma therapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Pathway dysregulation and therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic targets.Future science OA · 2026Review
- Advancing PROTAC therapeutics through chemistry-guided design of smart delivery systems.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Advances in Aptamer Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Glioblastoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Engineering Functional Biomaterials for Targeted and Localized Cancer Drug Delivery: A Structure-Property-Performance Design Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- STRA6-mediated ferroptosis and its potential association with antioxidant stress pathways in glioblastoma.iScience · 2026Article
- Additive effect of Ruta graveolens bioactive phytoconstituents and cisplatin through PKC/MEK/ERK pathway in glioblastoma.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular Engineering of Aptamers for Glioblastoma Therapy: From Simple Antagonists to AI-Driven Approaches, a Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biomimetic Nanocarriers for Glioblastoma Therapy: Translational Advances and Strategic Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- Targeting the KAT7/H3K14ac/RAC2 Axis Mediates OXPHOS to Promote Stemness Maintenance and Malignancy in Glioblastoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- AMPK γ-Subunit Isoform Switching Governs Temozolomide Resistance and Survival in Glioblastoma.Cells · 2026Article
- Spatial Omics in High-Grade Gliomas: Mapping Immune-Tumor Niches for Precision Therapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Selective Cytotoxic and Redox-Associated Effects of Plant-Derived Terpenoids in Human Glioblastoma Cells.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
400 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV glioma and the most common malignant, primary brain tumor with a 5-year survival of 7.2%. Its highly infiltrative nature, genetic heterogeneity, and protection by the blood brain barrier (BBB) have posed great treatment challenges. The standard treatment for GBMs is surgical resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The robust DNA repair and self-renewing capabilities of glioblastoma cells and glioma initiating cells (GICs), respectively, promote resistance against all current treatment modalities. Thus, durable GBM management will require the invention of innovative treatment strategies. In this review, we will describe biological and molecular targets for GBM therapy, the current status of pharmacologic therapy, prominent mechanisms of resistance, and new treatment approaches. To date, medical imaging is primarily used to determine the location, size and macroscopic morphology of GBM before, during, and after therapy. In the future, molecular and cellular imaging approaches will more dynamically monitor the expression of molecular targets and/or immune responses in the tumor, thereby enabling more immediate adaptation of tumor-tailored, targeted therapies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.