ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2021
Beyond tics: movement disorders in patients with Tourette syndrome.
Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-morbid tics and stereotypies: a systematic literature review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental Tics with Co-Morbid Functional Tic-like Behaviors: Diagnostic Challenges of a Complex Tourette Syndrome Phenotype.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Tourette Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Functional Tic-like Behaviors: From the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Post-Pandemic Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Contrasting features between Tourette syndrome and secondary tic disorders.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023Article
- Oromandibular tics associated with Tourette syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Driving Impairment in Movement Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2023Review
- Self-injurious behavior in Tourette syndrome.Journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2021.F1000Research · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTics are the hallmark of Tourette syndrome (TS). However, TS patients may have a particular vulnerability to develop other movement disorders (MDs), such as dystonia, chorea, stereotypy, and other hyperkinetic disorders that may be wrongly attributed to tics. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe studied a cohort of 201 patients with motor and phonic tics associated with TS to determine if they have additional, co-existent, MDs.
resultsThere were 67 (33.3%) patients with comorbid non-tic MDs. Phenomenology-wise, piano-playing movements resembling chorea or myoclonus, were the most common non-tic movement, observed in 11% of cases, followed by stereotypies (8.0%), tremor, dystonia and parkinsonism, 5.0% each. Drug-induced was the most common etiology (6.0%), followed by functional movement disorders (5.0%) and tardive phenomena (5.0%). No clear etiology was identified in most patients. Piano-playing movements, were associated with a younger age at onset (P = 0.004) and younger age at presentation (P < 0.001). Patients with drug-induced movements and tardive phenomena had a lower frequency of craniofacial tics. FMDs, and idiopathic MDS showed no specific associations with TS. Tic severity was not a predictor of any co-existent MD.
conclusionAbout a third of patients with TS present with comorbid MDs which should be differentiated and distinguished from tics as their etiopathogenesis and treatment may be different.
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