ArticleScientific reports2021
Viability of acellular biologic graft for nipple-areolar complex reconstruction in a non-human primate model.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Creating Engineered NAC Flaps Using in Vivo Revascularization: A Proof-Of-Concept Study.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Tissue engineering strategies for breast reconstruction: a literature review of current advances and future directions.Annals of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Adhesive chitosan-based hybrid biohydrogels for peripheral nerve injury repair.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- [Research progress in nipple projection reconstruction based on tissue graft support].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2023Review
- A review of bioengineering techniques applied to breast tissue: Mechanical properties, tissue engineering and finite element analysis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Reconstruction of the human nipple-areolar complex: a tissue engineering approach.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Roadmap on biomaterials for women's health.JPhys materials · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many of the > 3.5 million breast cancer survivors in the US have undergone breast reconstruction following mastectomy. Patients report that nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction is psychologically important, yet current reconstruction techniques commonly result in inadequate shape, symmetry, and nipple projection. Our team has developed an allogeneic acellular graft for NAC reconstruction (dcl-NAC) designed to be easy to engraft, lasting, and aesthetically pleasing. Here, dcl-NAC safety and host-mediated re-cellularization was assessed in a 6-week study in rhesus macaque non-human primates (NHPs). Human-derived dcl-NACs (n = 30) were engrafted on the dorsum of two adult male NHPs with each animal's own nipples as controls (n = 4). Weight, complete blood counts, and metabolites were collected weekly. Grafts were removed at weeks 1, 3, or 6 post-engraftment for histology. The primary analysis evaluated health, re-epithelialization, and re-vascularization. Secondary analysis evaluated re-innervation. Weight, complete blood counts, and metabolites remained mostly within normal ranges. A new epidermal layer was observed to completely cover the dcl-NAC surface at week 6 (13-100% coverage, median 93.3%) with new vasculature comparable to controls at week 3 (p = 0.10). Nerves were identified in 75% of dcl-NACs (n = 9/12) at week 6. These data suggest that dcl-NAC is safe and supports host-mediated re-cellularization.
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Registered trials
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