Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34301930›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Identifying individuals with high risk of Alzheimer's disease using polygenic risk scores.

Ganna Leonenko, Emily Baker, Joshua Stevenson-Hoare, Annerieke Sierksma, Mark Fiers, Julie Williams, Bart de Strooper, Valentina Escott-Price

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 146 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
146citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06529744 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Improving Prognostic Confidence in Neurodegenerative Diseases Causing Dementia Using Peripheral Biomarkers and Integrative Modeling

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity Health Network, TorontoRan2023 to 2027Enrolled500ConditionsDementia, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Vascular Dementia
NCT07516119 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Assessing Tools That Predict and Stage Mild Cognitive Impairment

TypeobservationalSponsorPrevention Research Consortium Corp.Ran2026 to 2029Enrolled100ConditionsMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer Dementia (AD), Alzheimer Disease (AD), APOE-4 Positive
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

146 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Rare extreme polygenic risk scores strongly indicate Alzheimer's disease risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Cross-ancestry polygenic risk scores enhance Alzheimer's disease risk prediction in multiethnic cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  12. Stratification by a polygenic risk score of common variation aids in Alzheimer's disease rare variant discovery.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Observational
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Genetic analysis of neurodegenerative diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review

86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ganna Leonenko *UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Emily Baker *UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5691-597X
Joshua Stevenson-HoareUK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Annerieke SierksmaVIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-9233-972X
Mark FiersVIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-5694-2409
Julie WilliamsUK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4069-0259
Bart de StrooperVIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-5455-5819
Valentina Escott-PriceUK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. escottpricev@cardiff.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-1784-5483

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
Alzheimer's Disease Genetics ConsortiumU01AG032984 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SCHELLENBERG, GERARD DAVID · 2009 to 2024
$60.4M
SUPPLEMENT TO RUSH ALZHEIMERS DISEASE CENTER COREP30AG010161 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 1991 to 2020
$49.1M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURAL RESERVE AND NEUROBIOLOGY IN AGINGR01AG017917 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 2001 to 2023
$43.3M
RISK FACTORS, PATHOLOGY, AND CLINICAL EXPRESSIONS OF ADR01AG015819 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 1998 to 2024
$21.4M
Multi-omic network-directed proteoform discovery, dissection and functional validation to prioritize novel AD therapeutic targetsU01AG061356 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN, DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 2018 to 2022
$13.7M
Pathway discovery, validation and compound identification for Alzheimer's disease - SupplementU01AG046152 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN, DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 2013 to 2017
$13.6M
Genetic Epidemiology of Cognitive Decline in an Aging Population SampleR01AG030146 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI EVANS, DENIS A · 2007 to 2018
$6.2M
Exploring the Role of the Brain Transcriptome in Cognitive DeclineR01AG036836 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 2011 to 2014
$2.9M
CIHRMedical Research Council G0300429Medical Research Council G0600237Medical Research Council G0801418Medical Research Council G0902227Medical Research Council MC_PC_17112Medical Research Council MR/K013041/1Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1Medical Research Council MR/L023784/2Medical Research Council MR/L501517/1Medical Research Council MR/M009076/1Medical Research Council MR/T04604X/1Medical Research Council UKDRI-3003NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010161NIA NIH HHS R01 AG015819NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917NIA NIH HHS R01 AG030146NIA NIH HHS R01 AG036836NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032984NIA NIH HHS U01 AG046152NIA NIH HHS U01 AG061356Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) for AD offer unique possibilities for reliable identification of individuals at high and low risk of AD. However, there is little agreement in the field as to what approach should be used for genetic risk score calculations, how to model the effect of APOE, what the optimal p-value threshold (pT) for SNP selection is and how to compare scores between studies and methods. We show that the best prediction accuracy is achieved with a model with two predictors (APOE and PRS excluding APOE region) with pT<0.1 for SNP selection. Prediction accuracy in a sample across different PRS approaches is similar, but individuals' scores and their associated ranking differ. We show that standardising PRS against the population mean, as opposed to the sample mean, makes the individuals' scores comparable between studies. Our work highlights the best strategies for polygenic profiling when assessing individuals for AD risk.

Indexed as

Polymorphism, Single NucleotideAllelesAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoproteins ECase-Control StudiesGene FrequencyGenetics, PopulationGenome-Wide Association StudyGenotypeHumansMultifactorial InheritanceReproducibility of ResultsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSensitivity and SpecificityApolipoproteins E

Identifiers

PMID34301930
PMCPMC8302739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.