ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
The magnitude of germinal center reactions is restricted by a fixed number of preexisting niches.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary exposure to pesticides in poultry: From semen quality to embryonic mortality and tissue accumulation.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Ectopic germinal centers in the nasal turbinates contribute to B cell immunity to intranasal viral infection and vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Blunting specific T-dependent antibody responses with engineered "decoy" B cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation modulates distinct acetylcholine receptors on B cells and limits the germinal center response.Science advances · 2024Article
- Impact of early posthatch feeding on the immune system and selected hematological, biochemical, and hormonal parameters in broiler chickens.Poultry science · 2024Article
- Long-term retention of antigens in germinal centers is controlled by the spatial organization of the follicular dendritic cell network.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Impact of antigenic evolution and original antigenic sin on SARS-CoV-2 immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- TLR9 and STING agonists cooperatively boost the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine through an increased germinal center B cell response and reshaped T helper responses.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- The role of antigen availability during B cell induction and its effect on sustained memory and antibody production after infection and vaccination-lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- T cell activation niches-Optimizing T cell effector function in inflamed and infected tissues.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- CK2β-regulated signaling controls B cell differentiation and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- S1PRFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation occurs in the germinal center (GC), a highly dynamic structure that arises upon antigen stimulation and recedes after infection is resolved. While the magnitude of the GC reaction is highly fluctuating and depends on antigens or pathological conditions, it is unclear whether GCs are assembled ad hoc in different locations or in preexisting niches within B cell follicles. We show that follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), the essential cellular components of the GC architecture, form a predetermined number of clusters. The total number of FDC clusters is the same on several different genetic backgrounds and is not altered by immunization or inflammatory conditions. In unimmunized and germ-free mice, a few FDC clusters contain GC B cells; in contrast, immunization or autoimmune milieu significantly increases the frequency of FDC clusters occupied by GC B cells. Excessive occupancy of GC niches by GC B cells after repeated immunizations or in autoimmune conditions suppresses subsequent antibody responses to new antigens. These data indicate that the magnitude of the GC reaction is restricted by a fixed number of permissive GC niches containing preassembled FDC clusters. This finding may help in the future design of vaccination strategies and in the modulation of antibody-mediated autoimmunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.