ArticlePediatrics2021
Quality of Care in US NICUs by Race and Ethnicity.
Article in Pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01825499 (Vermont Oxford Network Very Low Birth Weight Database of Infants <=1500 Grams or <=29 Weeks Gestational Age at Birth), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vermont Oxford Network Very Low Birth Weight Database of Infants <=1500 Grams or <=29 Weeks Gestational Age at Birth
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Summary of neonatal and maternal transport and reimbursement policies-a 5-year update.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Pooled it
- Creating the Healthcare Racial Justice Assessment Tool (HC-RJAT): A Novel Tool to Identify Modifiable Loci of Structural Racism in the Healthcare Setting to Guide Equity-Focused Improvements.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A Structural Examination of Racial Differences in Pharmacologic Treatment Among Opioid Exposed Infants.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Race Is an Incomplete Surrogate for Skin Pigmentation in Neonates, with Potential Relevance for Pulse Oximetry.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of Neonates Born at Less Than 30 Weeks' Gestation, 2018-2022.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Disparities in Survival Without Major Morbidity Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants in California.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Quality, outcome, and cost of care provided to very low birth weight infants in California.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Risks Associated with Quality Care among Hispanic and White Populations-A Cross-Sectional Comparison Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Where does the time go? Temporal patterns of pumping behaviors in mothers of very preterm infants vary by sociodemographic and clinical factors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Maternal Migration Background and Mortality Among Infants Born Extremely Preterm.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Evaluating Epidemiologic Trends and Variations in NICU Admissions in California, 2008 to 2018.Hospital pediatrics · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review of the Association between Prematurity and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Accompanying Inequities across the Life-Course.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- NICUs in the US: levels of acuity, number of beds, and relationships to population factors.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- A mixed methods study of perceptions of bias among neonatal intensive care unit staff.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- The Role of Work as a Social Determinant of Health in Mother's Own Milk Feeding Decisions for Preterm Infants: A State of the Science Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Racial Inequity in High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- The Association between NICU Admission and Mental Health Diagnoses among Commercially Insured Postpartum Women in the US, 2010-2018.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Measuring quality of care in moderate and late preterm infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Association of Race and Family Socioeconomic Status With Pediatric Postoperative Mortality.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Changes in hospital quality at hospitals serving black and hispanic newborns below 30 weeks' gestation.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSummary measures are used to quantify a hospital's quality of care by combining multiple metrics into a single score. We used Baby-MONITOR, a summary quality measure for NICUs, to evaluate quality by race and ethnicity across and within NICUs in the United States.
methodsVermont Oxford Network members contributed data from 2015 to 2019 on infants from 25 to 29 weeks' gestation or of 401 to 1500 g birth weight who were inborn or transferred to the reporting hospital within 28 days of birth. Nine Baby-MONITOR measures were individually risk adjusted, standardized, equally weighted, and averaged to derive scores for African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and American Indian infants, compared with white infants.
resultsThis prospective cohort included 169 400 infants at 737 hospitals. Across NICUs, Hispanic and Asian American infants had higher Baby-MONITOR summary scores, compared with those of white infants. African American and American Indian infants scored lower on process measures, and all 4 minority groups scored higher on outcome measures. Within NICUs, the mean summary scores for African American, Hispanic, and Asian American NICU subsets were higher, compared with those of white infants in the same NICU. American Indian summary NICU scores were not different, on average.
conclusionsWith Baby-MONITOR, we identified differences in NICU quality by race and ethnicity. However, the summary score masked within-measure quality gaps that raise unanswered questions about the relationships between race and ethnicity and processes and outcomes of care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.