ArticleGenes & development2021
Single-cell atlas reveals meningeal leukocyte heterogeneity in the developing mouse brain.
Article in Genes & development, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Engulfment by brain macrophages in a short-lived vertebrate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Some Basics on Innate Neuroimmunology for Nonspecialists.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote inhibitory synapse development and social behavior.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- nsDCC: dual-level contrastive clustering with nonuniform sampling for scRNA-seq data analysis.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Characterization of the responses of brain macrophages to focused ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Experimental Perinatal and Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke.Stroke · 2024Review
- Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2024Review
- Monocytes in neonatal stroke and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2023Review
- CNS Border-Associated Macrophages: Ontogeny and Potential Implication in Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- The Evolution of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technology and Application: Progress and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The immune cell profile of the developing rat brain.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Single-cell RNA and protein profiling of immune cells from the mouse brain and its border tissues.Nature protocols · 2022Review
- Neutrophil modulation of behavior and cognition in health and disease: The unexplored role of an innate immune cell.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Know your enemy or find your friend?-Induction of IgA at mucosal surfaces.Immunological reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The meninges are important for brain development and pathology. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we have generated the first comprehensive transcriptional atlas of neonatal mouse meningeal leukocytes under normal conditions and after perinatal brain injury. We identified almost all known leukocyte subtypes and found differences between neonatal and adult border-associated macrophages, thus highlighting that neonatal border-associated macrophages are functionally immature with regards to immune responses compared with their adult counterparts. We also identified novel meningeal microglia-like cell populations that may participate in white matter development. Early after the hypoxic-ischemic insult, neutrophil numbers increased and they exhibited increased granulopoiesis, suggesting that the meninges are an important site of immune cell expansion with implications for the initiation of inflammatory cascades after neonatal brain injury. Our study provides a single-cell resolution view of the importance of meningeal leukocytes at the early stage of development in health and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.