ArticleBMJ open2021
Risk factors for severe outcomes in people with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19: a cross-sectional database study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a predictor of severe outcomes in COVID-19 - a systematic review and meta-analyses.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: an update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetologia · 2023Pooled it
- The association between macrovascular complications and intensive care admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality in people with diabetes hospitalized for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Pooled it
- Association of statin and/or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system modulating therapy with mortality in adults with diabetes admitted to hospital with COVID-19: A retrospective multicentre European study.Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Testosterone protects from metabolic syndrome-associated lung dysfunction in a high-fat diet rabbit model.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Observational
- DNAm scores for serum GDF15 and NT-proBNP levels associate with a range of traits affecting the body and brain.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Lung dendritic-cell metabolism underlies susceptibility to viral infection in diabetes.Nature · 2023Article
- Apple-shaped obesity: A risky soil for cytokine-accelerated severity in COVID-19.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Outcome of COVID-19 infection in people with diabetes mellitus or obesity in the primary care setting in Catalonia, Spain: A retrospective cohort study of the initial three waves.Primary care diabetes · 2023Article
- Factors associated with mortality in hospitalised, non-severe, older COVID-19 patients - the role of sarcopenia and frailty assessment.BMC geriatrics · 2022Observational
- Time-series comparison of COVID-19 case fatality rates across 21 countries with adjustment for multiple covariates.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2022Article
- Impact of influenza vaccination on GP-diagnosed COVID-19 and all-cause mortality: a Dutch cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Recent Progress in the Diagnosis and Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Era of COVID-19 and Single Cell Multi-Omics Technologies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV2 Infection and Comorbidities, Role in Oncogenesis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Factors associated with critical care requirements in diabetic patients treated with dexamethasone for COVID-19 infection in the first wave of the pandemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Observational
- Weekly Rapid Antigen Test Screening for COVID-19 in Patients on Hemodialysis.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study's objective was to assess the risk of severe in-hospital complications of patients admitted for COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM).
designThis was a cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: We used pseudonymised medical record data provided by six general hospitals from the HM Hospitales group in Spain. OUTCOME MEASURES: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables associated with mortality and the composite of mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in the overall population, and stratified for the presence or absence of DM. Spline analysis was conducted on the entire population to investigate the relationship between glucose levels at admission and outcomes.
resultsOverall, 1621 individuals without DM and 448 with DM were identified in the database. Patients with DM were on average 5.1 years older than those without. The overall in-hospital mortality was 18.6% (N=301), and was higher among patients with DM than those without (26.3% vs 11.3%; p<0.001). DM was independently associated with death, and death or IMV (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.7 to 3.1 and OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.6 to 2.8, respectively; p<0.001). In subjects with DM, the only variables independently associated with both outcomes were age >65 years, male sex and pre-existing chronic kidney disease. We observed a non-linear relationship between blood glucose levels at admission and risk of in-hospital mortality and death or IMV. The highest probability for each outcome (around 50%) was at random glucose of around 550 mg/dL (30.6 mmol/L), and the risks flattened above this value.
conclusionThe results confirm the high burden associated with DM in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 infection, particularly among men, the elderly and those with impaired kidney function. Moreover, hyperglycaemia on admission was strongly associated with poor outcomes, suggesting that personalised optimisation could help to improve outcome during the hospital stay.
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