ArticleScience advances2021
Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hyperdopaminergic States Bias Explorations-Exploitation Trade-Off in Foraging and Impair Survival.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sensory-to-motor transformations: From serial pipelines to dynamic, distributed processes.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Cognitive engagement induces area-specific fingerprints of dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA in prefrontal cortex and striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Decomposition of a complex motor skill with precise error feedback and intensive training breaks expertise ceiling.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Noradrenergic alpha-2a receptor stimulation enhances prediction error signaling and updating of attention sets in anterior cingulate cortex and striatum.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Noradrenergic alpha-2a Receptor Stimulation Enhances Prediction Error Signaling in Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Striatum.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Shining light on the noradrenergic system.Neurophotonics · 2023Review
- Calcium activity is a degraded estimate of spikes.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- The locus coeruleus mediates behavioral flexibility.Cell reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The balance between exploiting known actions and exploring alternatives is critical for survival and hypothesized to rely on shifts in neuromodulation. We developed a behavioral paradigm to capture exploitative and exploratory states and imaged calcium dynamics in genetically identified dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. During exploitative states, characterized by motivated repetition of the same action choice, dopamine neurons in SNc encoding movement vigor showed sustained elevation of basal activity that lasted many seconds. This sustained activity emerged from longer positive responses, which accumulated during exploitative action-reward bouts, and hysteretic dynamics. Conversely, noradrenergic neurons in LC showed sustained inhibition of basal activity due to the accumulation of longer negative responses in LC. Chemogenetic manipulation of these sustained dynamics revealed that dopaminergic activity mediates action drive, whereas noradrenergic activity modulates choice diversity. These data uncover the emergence of sustained neural states in dopaminergic and noradrenergic networks that mediate dissociable aspects of exploitative bouts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.