ReviewAmerican journal of pharmaceutical education2021
Conceptualizing Social Ecological Model in Pharmacy to Address Racism as a Social Determinant of Health.
Review in American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of impacts of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety among general populations around the world.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Ethno racial issues in pharmaceutical education: a curricular analysis of brazilian federal higher education institutions.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Associations Between Social Determinants of Health and Adherence in Mobile-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Highlighting Counterstereotypical Scientists in Undergraduate Life Science Courses.CBE life sciences education · 2025Article
- Constructing a dual-path motivation-regulation model of elderly sport consumption: a psychological perspective on behavioral drivers.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Chiropractic Day 2023: A Report and Qualitative Analysis of How Thought Leaders Celebrate the Present and Envision the Future of Chiropractic.Journal of chiropractic humanities · 2023Article
- A Scoping Review of the Hidden Curriculum in Pharmacy Education.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2023Article
- Baseline Assessment of Systemic Racism Education in Pharmacy Curricula.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2023Article
- Expert Consensus on Indicators of Social Determinants of Health: A Modified Delphi Study.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Racism has been declared a public health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted inequities in the US health care system and presents unique opportunities for the pharmacy Academy to evaluate the training of student pharmacists to address social determinants of health among racial and ethnic minorities. The social ecological model, consisting of five levels of intervention (individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy) has been effectively utilized in public health practice to influence behavior change that positively impacts health outcomes. This paper adapted the social ecological model and proposed a framework with five intervention levels for integrating racism as a social determinant of health into pharmacy curricula. The proposed corresponding levels of intervention for pharmacy education are the curricular, interprofessional, institutional, community, and accreditation levels. Other health professions such as dentistry, medicine, and nursing can easily adopt this framework for teaching racism and social determinants of health within their respective curricula.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.