ArticleAmerican journal of pharmaceutical education2021
Examining the Inclusion of Race and Ethnicity in Patient Cases.
Article in American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advance Care Planning in Patients Nearing the End of Life: A Pre-intervention Study of Racial Disparities and Provider Factors.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Ethno racial issues in pharmaceutical education: a curricular analysis of brazilian federal higher education institutions.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The Intersection between Pharmacogenomics and Health Equity: A Case Example.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Baseline Assessment of Systemic Racism Education in Pharmacy Curricula.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2023Article
- Impact of Social Forces and Environmental Factors on Healthcare and Pharmacy Education: The Report of the 2021-2022 AACP Argus Commission.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Health disparities continue to exist in the United States, with the most significant differences in care occurring between racial groups. Racial health disparities are largely a result of the strong association between race and structural inequities, (differentials in the distribution of power, resources, opportunities). The use of case-based learning is common practice in pharmacy education, and the race of the patient who is the subject of the case is often included out of convention. In some cases, race is included to inform treatment based on guidelines developed from epidemiological and clinical studies that link race to disease by conferring biological significance to race categories. This continuing use of race and ethnicity to guide treatment contributes to racial health disparities and may further perpetuate existing provider implicit bias. This paper discusses the pedagogical approach of using patient cases and the convention, propriety, and implications of including race in patient cases, and guides pharmacy educators in how to use information on race.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.