ReviewPolymers2021
Naturally Occurring Polyelectrolytes and Their Use for the Development of Complex-Based Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview.
Review in Polymers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hybrid Mucointeractive Delivery Systems-Alternative Approaches to Mucosal Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dual-Responsive Chitosan-Grafted PNIPAAm Hydrogel Eye Drop Incorporating Insulin-Imprinted Microgels for Dry Eye Syndrome Treatment.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Various Ways to Be Negative: Biophysical Characterization of Polyanionic Biomolecules.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Formation and Interfacial Behavior of Chitosan-Alginate Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes: From Bulk Dispersions to Layer-by-Layer Films.Polymers · 2025Article
- Emerging Approaches to Mitigate Neural Cell Degeneration with Nanoparticles-Enhanced Polyelectrolyte Systems.Membranes · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Action, Drug Delivery, Biodegradability, and Wound Regeneration Characteristics of Surgical Sutures and Cutting-Edge Surgical Suture Manufacturing Technologies.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Optimization of Mucoadhesive Oral Films Containing Olive Leaf Extract and Microencapsulated Thyme Essential Oil With Potential Antimicrobial Activity.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Biopolymer Drug Delivery Systems for Oromucosal Application: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical R&D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Harnessing polyelectrolyte complexes for precision cancer targeting: a comprehensive review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Article
- Polyelectrolyte-Complex-Based Hydrogel Inserts for Vaginal Delivery of Posaconazole and Probiotics.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Enhanced Anti-Herpetic Activity of Valacyclovir Loaded in Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin-decorated Chitosan Nanodroplets.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Polyacrylate-Cholesterol Amphiphilic Derivative: Formulation Development and Scale-up for Health Care Applications.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Synthetic versus Natural Precursor Layer: A Study on the Properties of Biocompatible Chitosan/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanofilms.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Nano-Sized Fucoidan Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes: Recent Advances in Design and Prospects for Biomedical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Patches as Polymeric Systems for Improved Delivery of Topical Corticosteroids: Advances and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Polyelectrolyte Chondroitin Sulfate Microgels as a Carrier Material for Rosmarinic Acid and Their Antioxidant Ability.Polymers · 2022Article
- Chitosan-Gelatin Films: Plasticizers/Nanofillers Affect Chain Interactions and Material Properties in Different Ways.Polymers · 2022Article
- Hyaluronic Acid: Its Versatile Use in Ocular Drug Delivery with a Specific Focus on Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biopolymers have several advantages for the development of drug delivery systems, since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and easy to obtain from renewable resources. However, their most notable advantage may be their ability to adhere to biological tissues. Many of these biopolymers have ionized forms, known as polyelectrolytes. When combined, polyelectrolytes with opposite charges spontaneously form polyelectrolyte complexes or multilayers, which have great functional versatility. Although only one natural polycation-chitosan has been widely explored until now, it has been combined with many natural polyanions such as pectin, alginate and xanthan gum, among others. These polyelectrolyte complexes have been used to develop multiple mucoadhesive dosage forms such as hydrogels, tablets, microparticles, and films, which have demonstrated extraordinary potential to administer drugs by the ocular, nasal, buccal, oral, and vaginal routes, improving both local and systemic treatments. The advantages observed for these formulations include the increased bioavailability or residence time of the formulation in the administration zone, and the avoidance of invasive administration routes, leading to greater therapeutic compliance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.