Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34300572›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Non-Invasive Driver Drowsiness Detection System.

Hafeez Ur Rehman Siddiqui, Adil Ali Saleem, Robert Brown, Bahattin Bademci, Ernesto Lee, Furqan Rustam, Sandra Dudley

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Hafeez Ur Rehman SiddiquiFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0671-2060
Adil Ali SaleemFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-2468-8471
Robert BrownSchool of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK.
Bahattin BademciSchool of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK.
Ernesto LeeDepartment of Computer Science, Broward College, Broward County, FL 33332, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1209-8565
Furqan RustamFaculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-8403-1047
Sandra DudleySchool of Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK.
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology · PKLondon South Bank University · GBBaker College · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drowsiness when in command of a vehicle leads to a decline in cognitive performance that affects driver behavior, potentially causing accidents. Drowsiness-related road accidents lead to severe trauma, economic consequences, impact on others, physical injury and/or even death. Real-time and accurate driver drowsiness detection and warnings systems are necessary schemes to reduce tiredness-related driving accident rates. The research presented here aims at the classification of drowsy and non-drowsy driver states based on respiration rate detection by non-invasive, non-touch, impulsive radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar. Chest movements of 40 subjects were acquired for 5 m using a lab-placed IR-UWB radar system, and respiration per minute was extracted from the resulting signals. A structured dataset was obtained comprising respiration per minute, age and label (drowsy/non-drowsy). Different machine learning models, namely, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Logistic regression, Gradient Boosting Machine, Extra Tree Classifier and Multilayer Perceptron were trained on the dataset, amongst which the Support Vector Machine shows the best accuracy of 87%. This research provides a ground truth for verification and assessment of UWB to be used effectively for driver drowsiness detection based on respiration.

Indexed as

Automobile DrivingHumansNeural Networks, ComputerRespiratory RateSupport Vector MachineWakefulnessdrowsiness detectionmachine learningphysiological signalsrespiration rateultra-wideband

Identifiers

PMID34300572
PMCPMC8309856
OpenAlexW3183706914

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.