ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Review of Rhinitis: Classification, Types, Pathophysiology.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Skin Acceptability of a Cosmetic Cream for Nasolabial Dryness and Irritation.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Plant-DerivedNutrients · 2021Trial
- Comparative effects of saline, streptomycin, and ozone nasal irrigation on Staphylococcus aureus-induced experimental rhinosinusitis: microbiological, histopathological, and biofilm analyses.Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2026Article
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker-induced Prescribing Cascades: Signal Detection using High-throughput Sequence Symmetry Analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Laser Neurolysis of the Posterior Nasal Nerve in Patients With Chronic Rhinitis.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Environmental exposure to air pollution and climate: Intersecting the impact on ear and nose health and chemosensory function (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Allergic Rhinitis: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Molecular profiling of exhaled breath condensate in respiratory diseases.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Severe Secondary Atrophic Rhinitis with Extensive Osteomyelitis Following COVID-19-Associated Necrotizing Rhinitis: A Case Report and Microbiological Analysis.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Associations Between Obesity and the Severity of Occupational Allergic Rhinitis: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Rhinitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Preparation and Evaluation of Long-Acting Injectable Levocetirizine Prodrug Formulation.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Multiomics: Two-Sample, Bidirectional, Multivariate and Mediated Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Allergic Rhinitis.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Increased thyroxine levels of patients with allergic rhinitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Plasma MRGPRX2 Correlates with Severity of Artemisia-Induced Allergic Rhinitis, Particularly in IgE-Negative Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Article
- To study the impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis based on local big data in China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review of Intranasal Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Impact of Cytokines on Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescents with Allergic Rhinitis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhinitis describes a pattern of symptoms as a result of nasal inflammation and/or dysfunction of the nasal mucosa. It is an umbrella entity that includes many different subtypes, several of which escape of complete characterization. Rhinitis is considered as a pathologic condition with considerable morbidity and financial burden on health care systems worldwide. Its economic impact is further emphasized by the fact that it represents a risk factor for other conditions such as sinusitis, asthma, learning disabilities, behavioral changes, and psychological impairment. Rhinitis may be associated with many etiologic triggers such as infections, immediate-type allergic responses, inhaled irritants, medications, hormonal disturbances, and neural system dysfunction. It is basically classified into three major clinical phenotypes: allergic rhinitis (AR), infectious rhinitis, and non-allergic, non-infectious rhinitis (NAR). However, this subdivision may be considered as an oversimplification because a combined (mixed) phenotype exists in many individuals and different endotypes of rhinitis subgroups are overlapping. Due to the variety of pathophysiologic mechanisms (endotypes) and clinical symptoms (phenotypes), it is difficult to develop clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to review the types of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, providing a thorough analysis of the pathophysiological background, diagnostic approach, and main treatment options.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.