ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Gender and Sex Are Key Determinants in Osteoarthritis Not Only Confounding Variables. A Systematic Review of Clinical Data.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decellularized biological matrices for the repair of rotator cuff lesions: a systematic review of preclinicalFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- Muscle strength and osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Skeletal radiology · 2023Pooled it
- Benefits of Applying Nanotechnologies to Hydrogels in Efficacy Tests in Osteoarthritis Models-A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- A Gamified Mobile Health Intervention to Promote Physical Activity, Executive Function, and Mental Health in College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Female patients report comparable results to males after the implantation of an aragonite-based scaffold for the treatment of knee chondral and osteochondral defects: a gender-based analysis of a RCT at 4 years' follow-up.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2025Trial
- Mental Imagery Enhances Pain Reduction and Visual Processing in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Comparative Study.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- Methylsulfonylmethane Improves Knee Quality of Life in Participants with Mild Knee Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Ozone Therapy versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Pain Relief in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Preliminary Findings on Molecular and Clinical Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Phenotypic Factors and Celecoxib Efficacy in Knee OA: A Post‑hoc Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized, Double‑Blind, Placebo‑Controlled Trials.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Medical Utilization and Expenditures Before and After Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritis in Seoul, South Korea: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic joint pain drives sex-specific changes in hippocampal glutamatergic signaling and sleep.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- A Thematic Narrative Review of Osteoarthritis Risk Factors Across the Female Life Course.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prevalence of knee radiographic and symptomatic osteoarthritis and ultrasound features across sex and body mass index groups: The Johnston County Health Study.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2026Article
- The Role of Ultrasound Versus Radiography in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Bilateral Comparative Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cord Blood-Derived Versus Homologous Donor Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Early Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Clinical Trial.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in heterogeneity and classification of osteoarthritis.Bone research · 2026Review
- Gender-Based Differences in Arthroplasty Utilization Across Two Tertiary Academic Centers.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Osteoarthritis pain inversely correlates with histidine and glutamine following CSF and serum profiling.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Origin of sexual dimorphism in osteoarthritis risk: the impact of pregnancy and parental care.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sexual Dimorphism in Clinical Manifestations of Knee Osteoarthritis.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) have been noted, while gender/sex differences have been understated. The work aimed to systematically review literature investigating as primary aim the relationship between gender/sex related discriminants and OA. The search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Knowledge in the last 10 years. Inclusion criteria were limited to clinical studies of patients affected by OA in any joints, analyzing as primary aim gender/sex differences. Exclusion criteria were review articles, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, case series studies and papers in which gender/sex differences were adjusted as confounding variable. Of the 120 records screened, 42 studies were included. Different clinical outcomes were analyzed: morphometric differences, followed by kinematics, pain, functional outcomes after arthroplasty and health care needs of patients. Women appear to use more health care, have higher OA prevalence, clinical pain and inflammation, decreased cartilage volume, physical difficulty, and smaller joint parameters and dimensions, as compared to men. No in-depth studies or mechanistic studies analyzing biomarker differential expressions, molecular pathways and omic profiles were found that might drive preclinical and clinical research towards sex-/gender-oriented protocols.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.