ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Ocular Surface Failure in Urban Syndrome.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of particulate matter and air pollution on ocular surface disease: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.The ocular surface · 2025Pooled it
- Unraveling the effects of glycerophosphoinositol-enriched hyaluronic acid eyedrops on the ocular surface in glaucoma: a report from the multicenter OSGLA registry.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A Revised Concept for Ocular Surface Imprinting: Easy-to-Use Device for Morphological and Biomolecular-Based Differential Diagnosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Toward the Characterization of the Human Core Ocular Surface Microbiome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- One Soul and Several Faces of Evaporative Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Promising High-Tech Devices in Dry Eye Disease Diagnosis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of air pollution on myopia: an update on clinical evidence and biological mechanisms.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- Pathogenesis of the Homeostatic Failure of Ocular Surface as Morpho-Functional Unit.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) as Partaker in the Modulation of UV-Response in Cultured Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Ocular surface toll like receptors in ageing.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNowadays, the continuous increase in air pollution has significantly changed air quality, leading to the onset of the so-called urban syndrome (US), an allergic-like conjunctivitis triggered by pollutants. These patients are characterized by persistent dysregulation of ocular surface para-inflammation, causing chronic low-grade inflammation and ocular discomfort, with significant consequences for occupational health and job productivity prospects. This study aims to investigate the effects of topical glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) eye drops on the signs and symptoms of US.
methodsA multicenter prospective open interventional study was performed. Patients affected by US, enrolled from occupational medicine clinics, were treated with eye drops containing 0.001% GPI in 0.2% HA vehicle three times a day. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (T-BUT), Schirmer test, Oxford score, hyperemia and ocular surface symptoms were recorded at patient enrolment (T0), after 1 week (T1) and after 1 month (T2) of treatment.
resultsA total of 113 consecutive patients (226 eyes) were included. OSDI score displayed a significant improvement after one week (T0: 39.9 ± 19, T1: 20.8 ± 17.9, T2: 18.4 ± 15.6,
conclusionstrice-daily topic instillation of 0.001% GPI in 0.02% HA vehicle resulted an effective and well tolerated treatment in US patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.