ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Perceived Susceptibility to and Seriousness of COVID-19: Associations of Risk Perceptions with Changes in Smoking Behavior.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Predicting factors for breast cancer screening in Middle Eastern women based on health belief model: a systematic review.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2022Pooled it
- Modeling the determinants of community engagement in community-based surveillance of infectious diseases: Applying the Health Belief Model.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the pandemic fear perception and adaptability scale.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- An examination of the relationship between perceptions that cigarette smoking increases the severity of COVID-19 and reduction in smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the 2021 ITC Korea Survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The relationship between lay beliefs about the world and pandemic-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.PloS one · 2025Article
- Observational
- Our perception may not be reality: A longitudinal study of the relationship between perceived and actual change in smoking behavior.PloS one · 2024Article
- Chinese undergraduates' mental health help-seeking behavior: the health belief model.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- A qualitative study on tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon: Waterpipe and cigarette smokers' views, risk perceptions, and behaviors.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Restrictions and Adolescent Cigarette and E-cigarette Use in California.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Associations between Tobacco Use, Surges, and Vaccination Status over Time in the COVID-19 Era.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Factors affecting tobacco, nicotine, and cannabis product use among California young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2022Article
- Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- The Influencing Factors of HIV-Preventive Behavior Based on Health Belief Model among HIV-Negative MSMs in Western China: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Health behaviour change among UK adults during the pandemic: findings from the COVID-19 cancer attitudes and behaviours study.BMC public health · 2022Observational
- Cigarette Smoking in Response to COVID-19: Examining Co-Morbid Medical Conditions and Risk Perceptions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Longitudinal Study on the Addictive Behaviors of General Population before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Willingness of the Jordanian Population to Receive a COVID-19 Booster Dose: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Changes in cigarette and e-cigarette use among US young adults from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic: News exposure and risk perceptions as potential predictors.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have documented increased and decreased cigarette smoking among adults. Individual differences in the perceived susceptibility and seriousness of the virus, for people who smoke in general and for oneself personally, may relate to changes in smoking. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework, we examined associations with self-reported increasing and decreasing smoking a lot during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period. Adults in 30 large U.S. cities who smoked cigarettes daily completed an online survey between 14 July and 30 November 2020. The analytic sample (N = 2768) was 54.0% male and 68.3% white with 23.7% reporting increasing and 11.3% decreasing smoking (6% reported both). Younger age, a diagnosis of COVID-19, and greater pandemic-related stress were associated with greater odds of both increased and decreased smoking. Increased smoking also was associated with heavier nicotine dependence, greater desire to quit, and greater perceived susceptibility and lower perceived seriousness of COVID-19 for people who smoke, while pandemic-related job-loss, lower nicotine dependence, and greater self-efficacy were associated with decreased smoking. Among respondents who had not contracted COVID-19 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.