ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Development of a Codebook of Online Anti-Vaccination Rhetoric to Manage COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Management of infodemics in outbreaks or health crises: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- The Prevalence, Features, Influencing Factors, and Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- How Partisan Policies Can Shape Health Behaviors: Executive Order Proof-of-Vaccine Mandate Bans Increased COVID-19 Vaccinations.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Communication strategies in childhood vaccine hesitancy: a scoping review.Revista de saude publica · 2026Article
- Poison, lies, war: A mixed methods content analysis of posts about COVID-19 vaccination on Gab Social.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Layperson and Healthcare Professional Experiences of Medical Misinformation About Masks on Social Media During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Thematic Framework Analysis.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2025Article
- Trust in doctors, social support, and belief in COVID-19 misinformation.BMC public health · 2025Article
- "This was never about a virus": Perceptions of Vaccination Hazards and Pandemic Risk in #Covid19NZ Tweets.The Journal of medical humanities · 2025Article
- Who is perceived to be an expert on COVID-19 vaccines on social media?: Biomedical credentials confer expertise, even among vaccine-hesitant and Conservative observers.Information, communication and society · 2025Article
- Ethical Considerations in Infodemic Management: Systematic Scoping Review.JMIR infodemiology · 2024Article
- Creating a Culturally Safe Online Data Collection Instrument to Measure Vaccine Confidence Among Indigenous Youth: Indigenous Consensus Method.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- "Do not inject our babies": a social listening analysis of public opinion about authorizing pediatric COVID-19 vaccines.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Difficulties faced by physicians from four European countries in rebutting antivaccination arguments: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Perceived experts are prevalent and influential within an antivaccine community on Twitter.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Misinformation and the epistemic integrity of democracy.Current opinion in psychology · 2023Review
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Maternal and Child COVID-19 Vaccination Intent Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the USA (April-June 2020): an Application of Health Belief Model.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- The role and influence of perceived experts in an anti-vaccine misinformation community.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Psychological profiles of anti-vaccination argument endorsement.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (delay in obtaining a vaccine, despite availability) represents a significant hurdle to managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy is in part related to the prevalence of anti-vaccine misinformation and disinformation, which are spread through social media and user-generated content platforms. This study uses qualitative coding methodology to identify salient narratives and rhetorical styles common to anti-vaccine and COVID-denialist media. It organizes these narratives and rhetorics according to theme, imagined antagonist, and frequency. Most frequent were narratives centered on "corrupt elites" and rhetorics appealing to the vulnerability of children. The identification of these narratives and rhetorics may assist in developing effective public health messaging campaigns, since narrative and emotion have demonstrated persuasive effectiveness in other public health communication settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.