Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34299799›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Associations between Biomarkers of Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk among Exclusive Cigarette Smokers in the Golestan Cohort Study.

Brian L Rostron, Jia Wang, Arash Etemadi, Sapna Thakur, Joanne T Chang, Deepak Bhandari, Julianne Cook Botelho, Víctor R De Jesús, Jun Feng, Mitchell H Gail and 17 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Associations between Opium Route of Use and Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Potential Carcinogenicity Mechanism.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Smoking-Related Toxicants with Lung Cancer Incidence in Smokers: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.

Brian L RostronCenter for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Jia WangCenter for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Arash EtemadiMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Sapna ThakurCenter for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Joanne T ChangCenter for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Deepak BhandariDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Julianne Cook BotelhoDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Víctor R De JesúsDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4964-538X
Jun FengDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Mitchell H GailBiostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Maki Inoue-ChoiMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0070-7829
Reza MalekzadehDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-9820-6335
Akram PourshamsDigestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran.
Hossein PoustchiLiver and Pancreaticobilliary Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713135, Iran.
Gholamreza RoshandelGolestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4917867439, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-5494-0722
Meredith S ShielsInfections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Qian WangDivision of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Yuesong WangDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Baoyun XiaDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Paolo BoffettaStony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Paul BrennanInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France.
Christian C AbnetMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Antonia M CalafatDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Lanqing WangDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Benjamin C BlountDivision of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4788-8169
Neal D FreedmanMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cindy M ChangCenter for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USNational Institutes of Health · USUnited States Food and Drug Administration · USTehran University of Medical Sciences · IRCentre international de recherche sur le cancer · FRGolestan University · IRIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USNational Cancer Institute · USStony Brook University · US

Funding

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer StudiesZIACP000185 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI ABNET, CHRISTIAN · 2009 to 2025
$25.6M
Cancer Research UK C20/A5860World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biomarkers of tobacco exposure are known to be associated with disease risk but previous studies are limited in number and restricted to certain regions. We conducted a nested case-control study examining baseline levels and subsequent lung cancer incidence among current male exclusive cigarette smokers in the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran. We calculated geometric mean biomarker concentrations for 28 matched cases and 52 controls for the correlation of biomarker levels among controls and for adjusted odds' ratios (ORs) for lung cancer incidence by biomarker concentration, accounting for demographic characteristics, smoking quantity and duration, and opium use. Lung cancer cases had higher average levels of most biomarkers including total nicotine equivalents (TNE-2), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-FLU). Many biomarkers correlated highly with one another including TNE-2 with NNAL and N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine (2CYEMA), and N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (t4HBEMA) with N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine (3HMPMA) and N-Acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (4HMBEMA). Lung cancer risk increased with concentration for several biomarkers, including TNE-2 (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.78) and NNN (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.13, 5.27), and estimates were significant after further adjustment for demographic and smoking characteristics for 2CYEMA (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.55), N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (2CAEMA) (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.01, 4.55), and N-Acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (2HPMA) (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.04, 7.81). Estimates were not significant with adjustment for opium use. Concentrations of many biomarkers were higher at the baseline for participants who subsequently developed lung cancer than among the matched controls. Odds of lung cancer were higher for several biomarkers including with adjustment for smoking exposure for some but not with adjustment for opium use.

Indexed as

Lung NeoplasmsNitrosaminesTobacco ProductsBiomarkersCarcinogensCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesHumansMaleSmokersBiomarkersCarcinogensNitrosaminesbiomarkerlung cancertobacco

Identifiers

PMID34299799
PMCPMC8306295
OpenAlexW3179643156

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.