ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Cytokine Release Syndrome Associated with T-Cell-Based Therapies for Hematological Malignancies: Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guillain-Barre syndrome in patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an individual participant data meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of Bispecific Antibodies in Adults with Large B-Cell Lymphomas: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trial Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of CD7 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- 2022 Chinese expert consensus and guidelines on clinical management of toxicity in anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Guideline
- Trial
- Safety signals for drug-related respiratory depression: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Extracorporeal Cytokine Hemadsorption for the Treatment of Severe Steroid Refractory Cytokine Release Syndrome Secondary to T-Cell Immunotherapy for B-Cell Malignancies: A Case Series.Hematological oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Checkpoint inhibitor-induced hematologic immune-related adverse events and their association with disease recurrence in hematolymphoid malignancies: a clinical perspective.Blood research · 2026Review
- T cell adaptation in chronic infections and tumors.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Haemostatic changes during CART cell therapy and risk of complications.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in hematologic malignancies: engineering for persistence, specificity, and safety.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Harnessing CAR-Extracellular Vesicles for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bispecific Antibodies in B-Cell Lymphomas: Mechanisms, Efficacy, Toxicity, and Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Bispecific Antibodies: Strategies Available to Optimize Their Safe Delivery in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Overview of Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology for T-Cell Engaging Bispecific Antibodies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Emapalumab in pediatric patients with high-grade cytokine release syndrome associated with CAR T-cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytokine release syndrome in solid tumours: mechanism-based therapeutic strategies for prevention and management.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Review
- The transformative potential of lipid nanoparticles tailored for acute myeloid leukemia immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- DLL3-directed immune redirection in small-cell lung cancer: a lineage-defined vulnerability that doubles as an escape route.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines are a broad group of small regulatory proteins with many biological functions involved in regulating the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, in pathological conditions, hyperactivation of the cytokine network constitutes the fundamental event in cytokine release syndrome (CRS). During the last few decades, the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and T-cell therapies has rapidly evolved, and CRS can be a serious adverse event related to these treatments. CRS is a set of toxic adverse events that can be observed during infection or following the administration of antibodies for therapeutic purposes and, more recently, during T-cell-engaging therapies. CRS is triggered by on-target effects induced by binding of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or bispecific antibody to its antigen and by subsequent activation of bystander immune and non-immune cells. CRS is associated with high circulating concentrations of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony-stimulating factors, and transforming growth factors. Recently, considerable developments have been achieved with regard to preventing and controlling CRS, but it remains an unmet clinical need. This review comprehensively summarizes the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of CRS caused by T-cell-engaging therapies utilized in the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.