ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
TGF-β Signaling: From Tissue Fibrosis to Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth factor applications and clinical translation: advances and challenges.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Rewiring the tumor microenvironment: IGFBP2 at the Nexus of remodeling and therapy resistance?Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2026Review
- Phytochemicals modulating TGF-β signaling in radiation-induced fibrosis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
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- Beyond EMT: Mesenchymal drift as an emerging driver of stromal-immune reprogramming in prostate cancer.iScience · 2026Review
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- Integration of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Techniques and Photobiomodulation for Supportive Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Smooth Muscle.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Diosmetin Modulates EMT-Associated Plasticity and Fibroblast-Activation Markers in Parallel Breast Cancer In Vitro Models.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeting fibroblast TXNDC5 resolves tumor desmoplasia and PD-1 resistance in colorectal cancer with mesenchymal traits.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Decoupling Mechanical Confinement and Fibrotic Extracellular Matrix Signaling in Vestibular Schwannoma Using Tunable 3D Hydrogels.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Review
- MBNL1 Promotes Intestinal Fibrosis via RAS-MAPK Pathway-Mediated Fibroblast Activation and Proliferation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Deciphering the Shared Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Osthole on the Inflammation-Cancer Axis: An Integrative Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamics Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- TGFβ primes alveolar-like macrophages to induce type I IFN following TLR2 activation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Dynamic ecosystems of tumor drug resistance mechanisms: from molecular heterogeneity to systemic interventions.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Real-Time In Vivo Visualization of Tumor-Associated Macrophage Reprogramming Using a Nitric Oxide-Activatable NIR-II Nanoinducer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Antifibrotic Effect of the TGF-β Type I Receptor Inhibitor EW-7197 on Anastomotic Healing in a Rat Choledochojejunostomy Model.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- TGF-β Signaling as a Pathological Continuum Linking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Reactive Stroma as a Transversal Prognostic Biomarker for Metastasis in Breast Cancer: Integration of Digital Histopathology and Transcriptomic Profiling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling triggers diverse biological actions in inflammatory diseases. In tissue fibrosis, it acts as a key pathogenic regulator for promoting immunoregulation via controlling the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of immunocytes. In cancer, it plays a critical role in tumor microenvironment (TME) for accelerating invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Increasing evidence suggest a pleiotropic nature of TGF-β signaling as a critical pathway for generating fibrotic TME, which contains numerous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix proteins, and remodeling enzymes. Its pathogenic roles and working mechanisms in tumorigenesis are still largely unclear. Importantly, recent studies successfully demonstrated the clinical implications of fibrotic TME in cancer. This review systematically summarized the latest updates and discoveries of TGF-β signaling in the fibrotic TME.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.