ReviewThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Clostridioides difficile.
Review in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clostridioides difficile as a Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogen: Reviewing the Global Evidence and South African Data.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Cell-derived vesicle-modified biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative Relatedness ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CdmR, a MarR family protein fromBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Recent insights on challenges encountered with phage therapy against gastrointestinal-associated infections.Gut pathogens · 2025Review
- Article
- Standard mouse diets lead to differences in severity in infectious and non-infectious colitis.mBio · 2025Article
- Potent Antimicrobial Activity ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Overview of Antibacterial Agents for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: The Current Landscape, Development, Future Opportunities, and Challenges.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and genetic characteristics ofPeerJ · 2025Article
- The complete catalog of antimicrobial resistance secondary active transporters inComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Genetic determinants of resistance to antimicrobial therapeutics are rare in publicly available Clostridioides difficile genome sequences.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for the Management ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Fifty years devoted to anaerobes: historical, lessons, and highlights.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Review
- Repurposing FDA-approved disulfiram for targeted inhibition of diphtheria toxin and the binary protein toxins ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the top five urgent antibiotic resistance threats in USA. There is a worldwide increase in MDR of CD, with emergence of novel strains which are often more virulent and MDR. Antibiotic resistance in CD is constantly evolving with acquisition of novel resistance mechanisms, which can be transferred between different species of bacteria and among different CD strains present in the clinical setting, community, and environment. Therefore, understanding the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CD is important to guide optimal antibiotic stewardship policies and to identify novel therapeutic targets to combat CD as well as other bacteria. Epidemiology of CD is driven by the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Prevalence of different CD strains and their characteristic resistomes show distinct global geographical patterns. Understanding epidemiologically driven and strain-specific characteristics of antibiotic resistance is important for effective epidemiological surveillance of antibiotic resistance and to curb the inter-strain and -species spread of the CD resistome. CD has developed resistance to antibiotics with diverse mechanisms such as drug alteration, modification of the antibiotic target site and extrusion of drugs via efflux pumps. In this review, we summarized the most recent advancements in the understanding of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in CD and analysed the antibiotic resistance factors present in genomes of a few representative well known, epidemic and MDR CD strains found predominantly in different regions of the world.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.