ArticlePloS one2021
No impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy complications in women with PCOS, regardless of GDM criteria used.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Pooled it
- Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy outcomes in GDM: A secondary analysis of the DiGest trial.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Metformin Treatment in PCOS Pregnancies Reduces Maternal Infections and Increases the Risk of Allergies and Eczema in the Offspring: Post Hoc Analyses of Two Randomised Controlled Trials and One Follow-Up Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Placental and cerebral circulation in fetuses of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome and the effect of Metformin exposure.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome in pregnancy: pathophysiology and outcomes.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Triage and care for women with symptoms or diagnosis of pregnancy loss between 14 + 0 and 21 + 6 weeks' gestation.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Opportunities, benefits, and clinical challenges.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Article
- Metabolic profiling and early prediction models for gestational diabetes mellitus in PCOS and non-PCOS pregnant women.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus association to pregnancy outcomes: A national register-based cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Setting of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Association of maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes with preterm birth and offspring birth size: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Late Miscarriage in Non-Dyslipidemic Women Undergoing Fresh IVF/ICSI Embryo Transfer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: Correlation and Influencing Factors.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by the presence of insulin resistance, and women with PCOS have high prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM). Both conditions have been associated with increased risk for pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, preeclampsia and increased offspring birth weight. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM in women with PCOS using both previous and new diagnostic criteria, and to analyse whether the risk of pregnancy complications increased with the presence of GDM. In addition, we aimed to assess the response to metformin treatment in PCOS women with GDM. We performed post-hoc analysis of three prospective, double blinded studies of altogether 791 pregnant women with PCOS randomized to either metformin or placebo treatment from first trimester to delivery. Glucose data allowing GDM classification after previous (WHO 1999) and new (WHO 2013 and Norwegian 2017) diagnostic criteria were available for 722 of the women. Complications such as preeclampsia, late miscarriage and preterm birth, birth weight and gestational age were correlated to the presence of GDM and metformin treatment. The prevalence of GDM was 28.3% (WHO 1999), 41.2% (WHO 2013) and 27.2% (Norwegian 2017). Having GDM already in first trimester associated with increased risk for late miscarriage (p<0.01). Having GDM according to newer criteria correlated to increased maternal age and BMI (p<0.001). Otherwise, having GDM (any criteria) correlated neither to the development of preeclampsia, nor to birth weight z-score or the proportion of offspring being large for gestational weight. Maternal age and BMI, parity and gestational weight gain, but not GDM or metformin treatment, were determinants for birth weight z-score. Conclusion: in pregnant women with PCOS, having GDM did not increase the risk for other pregnancy complications except for an increased risk for late miscarriage among those with GDM already in the first trimester.
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