ArticlePloS one2021
Long working hours are associated with a higher risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A large population-based Korean cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors Related to the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Pooled it
- Work-to-sleep ratio as a novel marker of NAFLD risk: evidence from U.S. and Korean national cohorts.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Night shift-induced circadian disruption: links to initiation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and risk of hepatic cancer.Hepatoma research · 2024Article
- Long working hours and increased risks of lean non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Korean men and women.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association between long working hours and liver enzymes: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2017.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2022Article
- The effect of long working hours on developing type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes: The Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common chronic liver disease, may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. But only a few cross-sectional studies have reported an association of NAFLD with working hours. This cohort study further examined the association between working hours and the development of NAFLD.
methodsWe included 79,048 Korean adults without NAFLD at baseline who underwent a comprehensive health examination and categorized weekly working hours into 35-40, 41-52, 53-60, and >60 hours. NAFLD was defined as the presence of fatty liver, in the absence of excessive alcohol use, as observed by ultrasound.
resultsDuring a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 15,095 participants developed new-onset NAFLD (incidence rate, 5.55 per 100 person-years). After adjustment for confounders, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the development of NAFLD in 41-52, 53-60, and >60 working hours compared with that in 35-40 working hours were 1.07 (1.02-1.13), 1.06 (1.00-1.13), and 1.13 (1.05-1.23), respectively. Furthermore, the association remained significant after confounders were treated as time-varying covariates.
conclusionIn this large-scale cohort, long working hours, especially >60 working hours a week, were independently associated with incident NAFLD. Our findings indicate that long working hours are a risk factor for NAFLD.
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