Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34297465›Full record

ArticleDermatologic therapy2021

Ultrasound-guided injection of intralesional steroids in acute hidradenitis suppurativa lesions: A prospective study.

Michela Iannone, Agata Janowska, Teresa Oranges, Lorenzo Balderi, Bianca Benedetta Benincasa, Saverio Vitali, Giulia Tonini, Riccardo Morganti, Marco Romanelli, Valentina Dini

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Dermatologic therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Ultrasound-Guided Triamcinolone Injections for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. European S2k guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa part 2: Treatment.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025
    Guideline
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michela IannoneDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.ORCID 0000-0002-1463-0017
Agata JanowskaDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.ORCID 0000-0002-2271-3859
Teresa OrangesDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.ORCID 0000-0002-7277-3278
Lorenzo BalderiDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.
Bianca Benedetta BenincasaDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.
Saverio VitaliDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Giulia ToniniDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.
Riccardo MorgantiDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Statistics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Marco RomanelliDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.
Valentina DiniDepartment of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa.
University of Pisa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) flares with intralesional steroids lacks strong scientific evidence but limited data suggest that it may be useful. The objective of this study is to assess the clinical and ultrasound responses of HS flares to ultrasound-guided injections of intralesional triamcinolone (40 mg/ml) with a dilution 1:4 versus 1:2 at 30-day (t1), 60-day (t2), and 90-day (t3) follow-up. We recruited patients with ≤3 acute lesions, unresponsive to topical therapy. At baseline we assessed lesions clinically and by ultra-high frequency ultrasound (48 or 70 MHz) and randomly performed an ultrasound-guided injection of triamcinolone. Assessments were repeated at t1, t2, and t3 follow-up, re-injecting the lesion in the case of no or partial response. We treated 49 lesions: 38.8% showed improvements at t1; 46.9% at t2; 6% at t3; and 8.3% showed no clinical and ultrasound improvements. Long-term follow-up data confirmed a statistically significant reduction in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)-pain, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and HS-Physician Global Assessment (HS-PGA), as well as edema and vascular signals. No adverse effects were reported. Our study suggests that ultrasound-injections with a 1:2 dilution are beneficial for HS flares that do not respond to topical treatment and should be included in the therapeutic algorithm.

Indexed as

Hidradenitis SuppurativaHumansInjections, IntralesionalProspective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexTriamcinoloneUltrasonography, InterventionalTriamcinoloneacute flare managementhidradenitis suppurativaHS flaresintralesional steroidsultrasound guided injections

Identifiers

PMID34297465
PMCPMC9285692
OpenAlexW3183170165

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.