ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2022
Microglia activation in postmortem brains with schizophrenia demonstrates distinct morphological changes between brain regions.
Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A human pluripotent stem cell triculture platform to elucidate microglial regulation of retinal ganglion cells in neuroinflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Functional genomic profiling of schizophrenia-associated genes reveals key microglial regulators.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cytokine-mediated immune-to-brain signaling in neural circuit disorders.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- FPR2 deficiency alleviates LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice by suppressing the microglial CSF1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation: an unfortunate term to describe schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Developmental Alterations in the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space Index Suggest Possible Glymphatic-Related Mechanisms Underlying Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance and Psychosis Vulnerability in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Mapping spatially organized molecular and genetic signatures of schizophrenia across multiple scales in human prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microglia as critical mediators linking perinatal immune stress to mental health trajectories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Novel insights into asthma pathophysiology and pharmacological interventions: spiral of respiratory symptoms and psychiatric episodes.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Piezo1 in microglial cells: Implications for neuroinflammation and tumorigenesis.Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Review
- Functional Genomic Profiling of Schizophrenia-Associated Genes Reveals Key Microglial Regulators.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Microdosing Psychedelics to Restore Synaptic Density in Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cytoskeletal control in adult microglia is essential to restore neurodevelopmental synaptic and cognitive deficits.Science advances · 2025Article
- Intrinsic metabolic and immune impairments in a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Maternal immune activation followed by peripubertal stress combinedly produce reactive microglia and confine cerebellar cognition.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Glioinflammation: disease-associated microglia and astrocytes in psychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration, and senescence.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Influence of antipsychotic drugs on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: perspectives in an astrocyte-microglia co-culture model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Increased inflammasome protein expression identified in microglia from postmortem brains with schizophrenia.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2024Article
- Long-term effects of a double hit murine model for schizophrenia on parvalbumin expressing cells and plasticity-related molecules in the thalamic reticular nucleus and the habenula.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a psychiatric disorder that can include symptoms of disorganized speech and thoughts with uncertain underlying mechanisms possibly linked to over-activated microglia. In this study, we used brain samples from sixteen donors with SCZ and thirteen control donors to assess the differential activation of microglia by quantifying density and 3D reconstruction of microglia stained with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba1). Our samples consisted of sections from the frontal, temporal, and cingulate cortical gray matter, subcortical white matter regions (SCWM), and included the anterior corpus callosum. In the first series of studies, we performed a density analysis followed by a spatial analysis to ascertain the microglial density, distribution, and soma size in SCZ brains. Second, we performed a series of morphological quantification techniques to investigate the arborization patterns of the microglia in SCZ. The results demonstrated an increase in microglia density in the cortical gray matter regions in SCZ cases, while in the SCWM, there was a significant increase in microglia density in the frontal and temporal, but not in the other brain regions of interest (ROIs). Spatial analysis using the "nearest neighbor" demonstrated that there was no effect in "clustering", but there were shorter distances between microglia seen in the SCZ cases. The morphological measures showed that there was a region-dependent increase in the microglia soma size in the SCZ cases while the Sholl analysis revealed a significant decrease in the microglia arborization in the SCZ cases across all the ROI's studied. An in-depth 3D reconstruction of microglia in Brodmann area 9 cortical region found that there was a significant association between age and reduced microglial arborization in the SCZ cases. This region-dependent age association can help determine whether longitudinal changes in microglial activation across age are brain region-dependent, which may point to potential therapeutic targets.
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