ArticleSpine deformity2021
Analysis of serum levels of titanium and aluminium ions in patients with early onset scoliosis operated upon using the magnetic growing rod-a single centre study of 14 patients.
Article in Spine deformity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is posterior vertebral arthrodesis at the end of the electromagnetic rod lengthening program necessary for all patients? Comparative analysis of sixty six patients who underwent definitive spinal arthrodesis and twenty four patients with in situ lengthening rods.International orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Minimally Invasive Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis-A Surgical Technique Video.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Less-Invasive Approach to Early-Onset Scoliosis-Surgical Technique for Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod (MCGR) Based on Treatment of 2-Year-Old Child with Severe Scoliosis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Blood titanium levels in patients with large and sliding titanium implants.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Titanium wear from magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) for the treatment of spinal deformities in children.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designA cross-sectional retrospective Level 3 study.
objectiveTo study the serum levels of Titanium and Aluminium ions in patients operated using the magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) system. 14 consecutive patients of early onset scoliosis with varying etiology managed with MCGR system with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were selected for the study. The group consisted of two boys (14.3%) and 12 girls (85.7%). The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was 10.4 years (5-15 years). The average period of follow-up was 43.7 months (28-79 months). After informed consent of the subjects and their caretakers, serum levels of titanium and aluminium were measured. These levels were then assessed with regards to the number of screws used, number of distractions and complications.
methodsThe concentration of titanium and aluminium ions in the serum was measured using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
resultsFor the sake of ease of assessment, patients were divided into three etiology-based groups-idiopathic (n = 6), neuromuscular (n = 2) and syndromic (n = 6). The mean serum titanium level was 15.9 μg/L (5.1-28.2 μg/L) while that of aluminium was 0.1 μmol/L (0.1-0.2 μmol/L). Of the 14 patients, 2 (14.2%) patients had mechanical failure (actuator pin dysfunction), 3 (21.4%) had rod breakage requiring revision surgery and one patient (7.1%) had surgical site infection managed with appropriate antibiotics. Patients undergoing revision for rod breakage did not show any metallosis of the tissues during surgery.
conclusionAnalysis of patients with scoliosis operated using the magnetic growing rod system concludes that it is accompanied by presence of titanium in the blood but whether clinically significant or not needs to be ascertained by comparison of preoperative and postoperative blood concentrations of the titanium ions in individual subjects. The aluminium ion concentration remains within normal limits. Though implant malfunction may raise the titanium levels in the blood, its clinical significance needs to be determined. The aluminium levels are not affected irrespective to the presence or absence of complications. The long-term effects of raised titanium levels in the blood also warrant further prospective studies designed for precise and deeper analyses.
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