ArticleSoft matter2021
Simulated filament shapes in embedded 3D printing.
Article in Soft matter, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineering Parameter Window for Filament Formation and Early-Stage Evolution in Embedded Printing of Gelatin/Alginate Hydrogels Within Carbomer Support Baths.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Computational approaches in bioprinting processes.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Up-and-down transformable embedded ink writing strategy for soft 3D architectures.Nature communications · 2025Article
- 3D Printing of Air.Research square · 2025Article
- Additive manufacturing of multi-material and hollow structures by Embedded Extrusion-Volumetric Printing.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Full-Factorial Rheological Investigation of Carbopol ETD2020 for Embedded Printing: Effects of pH and Carbomer Concentration.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biofabrication in suspension media-a decade of advances.Biofabrication · 2025Review
- High-Speed Embedded Ink Writing of Anatomic-Size Organ Constructs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Numerical Prediction and Experimental Validation of Deposited Filaments in Direct Ink Writing: Deposition Status and Profile Dimension.Polymers · 2025Article
- Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism among Process Parameters toward the Biofabrication of High-Quality Shapes in Embedded Bioprinting.Advanced functional materials · 2024Article
- A dive into the bath: embedded 3D bioprinting of freeformBiomaterials science · 2023Review
- Embedded 3D Printing of Thermally-Cured Thermoset Elastomers and the Interdependence of Rheology and Machine Pathing.Advanced materials technologies · 2023Article
- Computational Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Extrusion Printing into Suspension Baths.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- Simulated filament shapes in embedded 3D printing.Soft matter · 2021Article
- Freeform 3D printing of vascularized tissues: Challenges and strategies.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Embedded 3D printing, wherein fluid inks are extruded into support baths, has enabled the manufacture of complex, custom structures ranging from cell-laden tissue analogues to soft robots. This method encompasses two techniques: embedded ink writing (EIW), where filaments are extruded, and embedded droplet printing (EDP), where droplets are suspended. Materials for embedded 3D printing can be Newtonian, but often both the ink and the support bath are yield stress fluids, following elastic behavior below the yield stress and shear-thinning, viscous behavior above the yield stress. The effect of surface tension on print quality has been debated, as inks have been printed into supports at high and low surface tensions. In order to guide material selection for embedded 3D printing and identify key scaling relationships that influence print quality, this study investigates the role of ink rheology, support rheology, and surface tension on the morphology of single filaments. Numerical simulations in OpenFOAM demonstrate that at low viscosities, surface tension controls the filament morphology. Where capillarity is suppressed, the ratio of the local ink and support viscosities and the shape of the yield surface in the support control the filament shape. Herschel-Bulkley support fluids (yield stress fluids) produce more stable, accurately positioned filaments than Newtonian supports. In the short term, non-zero surface tensions can suppress filament shape defects in EIW and are essential for producing droplets in EDP.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.